(1) Magazine House, Panbari, Dhubri District:

The Magazine house is located at Panbari in Dhubri district. It was erected during the period of conflict between the Ahoms and the Mughals.

(2) Panbari Ruins, Panbari, Dhubri District:

Ruins of the foundation of a brick structure dateble to medieval period are to be found at the site. 

(3) Moterjhar Temple, Moterjhar, Dhubri District:

A brick-built temple of the Koch period is to be found here. This site has a tank. Evidence of a brick structure of a secular nature is also found buried in the site, which is yet to be explored fully.

 

(4) Mahadev Parvat, Sri SriSurya Pahar, Goalpara District:

A great number of Sivalingas are found at this site.

 

(5) Paglatek Ruins, Paglatek, Goalpara District:

This site dates back to the post-Gupta period. A few gold coins thought to belong to c. 700 CE, found at this site by a chance discovery, suggest the development of this site in relation to early historical trade. Archaeological exploration done by this Directorate confirms as much.This site has a single rock-cut cave facing the river Brahmaputra. Components of a stone temple, carved temple relics and a Yonipith datable to c.1100 CE are found here.           

Archaeological excavation revealed a massive brick-built wall laid out in north-south direction. The possibility of the continuity of this brick wall further south cannot be ruled out since salvage digging in the hillock revealed traces of brick structures in the southern Paglatek hills adjacent to the site. Since gold coins of c CE 700 were found here, the relevance of the explored evidence could be visualised from the point of view of trade of which Paglatek was once a seat. This site also has a living Siva temple and thus it follows that Sivaratri is the prime religious festival of this site. Innumerable visitors come to this site regularly and especially throng here on religious festivals.

 

(6) Raush Monument, Kachari Road, Goalpara District:           

The Raush Monument is the graveof an European salt trader located at Bandar Kanda hillock near the Court of the Chief Judicial Magistrate in Goalpara. The hillock has a unique location surrounded as it is by the River Brahmaputra on three directions. It housed a colony of British and other European officials- the existence of several graves and evidence of British buildings point towards that. The graves commemoratethe glory of the British officials who had controlled administration from this locality in Goalpara.

(7) Tukreswari Temple, Krishnai, Goalpara District:           

A Siva linga is to be found at this site. A modern temple with a corrugated iron sheet roof now exists at its foot. According to popular lore, a part of Sati's body fell here. 

(8) Siva Than, Pancharatna, Goalpara District: 

Here exist archaeological ruins of different cultural periods. The rock-cut stupa is stylistically datable to the pre-Chrstian era. The architectural components of a stone temple scattered at this site can be stylistically dated to c. 10^th -11^th CE

 

  (9) Ganesa Mandir, Abhayapuri, Bongaigaon District: 

 The Ganesh Temple Archaeolocial Site has a ground plan and remains of a stone temple of Ganesa surrounded by a raised brick built platform with a floor. The brick plinth is typically triratha in plan. Laid out in north-south direction, it is 32 m in length. The width of the brick plinth is 19 m in middle and 14 m each- both in the northern east-west and southern east-west margins. It was exposed to 15 courses of bricks in the south and 20 courses of bricks in the north, the thickness of brick measure being 0.5m. The ground plan of the stone temple of Ganesa has two parts -the garbhagriha and antarala. The plan of the mandapa of the temple has not been found. The plan of the garbhagriha and antarala of the temple is 6.3 m in all directions. The site has numerous stone temple fragments. These are preserved in three archaeological site galleries and include amassive stone door frame decorated with a naga and a human figure with large ears (to depict Ganesa), amalaka(a ribbed stone building component), a bow frame-like carved jali work (lattice) in stone, part of a door frame, a pillar base with carvings of elephants trunks  and  others.Carved panels of sculptures and a figure of Ganesa from this site are preserved in the modern temple built nearby.

(10) Kakaijana Archaeological Site, Kakaijana, Bongaigaon District:

There is evidence of bricks exposed on the surface, a Sivalinga and a Yonipith at this site.

(11) Billeswar Temple, Belsor, Nalbari District:           

Billeswar Temple is built of brick over the foundations of a stone temple. It has a stone inscription proclaiming a land grant for the maintenance of the temple by the Ahom King Siva Singha (1714-1744 CE). The site has a tank and theground plan and elevation of the temple is north Indian in style.

            The outer wall of the temple is decorated with a number of sculptures modern in appearance. Thegarbhagrha of the temple is now sunk and its Sivalinga and  Yonipitha  remain submerged throughout  the year  owing  to  the  raising of the level  of the  ground  around  the temple.  A modern mandapa has been built to accommodate the local populace that throngs it during Sivaratri and Durga Puja- two religious festivals of prime importance that this community holds dear. 

(12) Balilecha Kali Mandir, Nalbari, Nalbari District:

            Ruins of two brick built temple exist here. One of them enshrines an image of the goddess Kali, built during the Ahom period. 

(13)Ambari Archaeological Site, Ambari, Kamrup (M) District: 

The Ambari Archaeological Site was discovered in the year 1968. Material evidence unearthed during the course of excavations has established that the site was one of the important centres of culture that flourished in ancient Kamarupa. The settlements of the site are broadly assigned totwo cultural periods. Of these, the early cultural period flourished as an urban centre fromBCE 200 while the later cultural phase after a brief cultural gap continued from c. 1100 CE to the late mediaeval period. 

Major structural remains of the early phase are comprised of the remains of a tank of burnt bricks followed by a drainage system, brick-paved pathways, brick-paved floors and foundation walls of the early mediaeval period. These features suggest the development of Ambari as a cultural centre on the river Brahmaputra flowing to the north. During the early mediaeval period the site functioned as an artist's guild and a production centre of sculptures (atelier) with its distinct artform often termed the Kamarupa School of Art. 

The discovery of a large number of stone sculptures, Siva lingas, terracotta, kaolin pots, oil lamps, sculptures, and other antiquities like beads and ornaments make it clear that the site was an atelier and artists and sculptors dwelt in this site leading. The sculpture of Nataraja on the vahana Nandi found here is unique in this country and was a production of local iconographical norms.

Scientific clearance directed for structural conservation of the brick architectural remains during 2002-03 revealed existence of a square structure, which was a living apartment divided by an inner corridor laid in north-south direction. This dwelling apartment was found laid within a north-southern and an east western brick wall. Innumerable stone sculptures of various divinities of Brahmanical faith and terracotta human figurines are now preserved in a museum in situ and at the Assam State Museum. The structural remains of the later phase are not so distinctive but evidence of some remarkable ceramic wares like glazed terracotta potteries, kaolin pots and celadon wares found in the site indicate that the site perhaps served as an important centre for  trade since ancient times. This is confirmed by the discovery of a terracotta clay sealing and evidence of a brick-built tank datable to the Sunga-Kushana period of ancient Indian history during excavation conducted in the site in 2008-09.

(14) Umananda Temple, Umananda, Kamrup District: 

The Umananda temple is situated on the Umananda Island in the midst of the river Brahmaputra. In Pauranic mythologythe island is known as Bhasmacala. Evidence ofa stone temple belonging to the post-Gupta period can be seen on the site. The site has stone sculptures and carvings belonging to the early mediaeval period. Achaturbhuja stone female figure still exists here besidesrock cut figures of Ganesa and a cave. Named as  Peacock  island by the British, the site is  in the  northern  direction  of the Office of the  Deputy  Commissioner, Kamrup  district. There are three temples on this river island. The earliest was built towards the close of   the 17^thcentury CE. The two other temples belong to the early 19th centuryCE.

The Ahom king Gadadhar Singha (1681-1696 CE) erected a brick temple dedicated to Lord Siva on top of the existing stone structure of the earlier period. There exist  two  otherbrick  temples-theChandrasekhara temple, believed to be built  in 1820 CE by  the  Ahom   King  Chandrakanta Singha and the Hara-Gauri temple of the contemporary period, built by Gaurinath Singha.Of these three, the Umananda temple is the oldest and tallest and an inscribed silver image of Siva is worshipped inside it. 

The Chandrasekhar temple is octagonal in plan and has a Siva linga. Architecturally, the Umananda temple is a pancharatha temple of the rekhadeul variety but it is without any angasekhara. Both the temples are surrounded by a brick boundary wall. The Hara-Gauri temple is at the outer entrance to the Umananda temple.  It is a small shrine. Located as it ison an island, the Umananda temple has unique riverine beauty. This temple is considered as one of the five panchatirthas in Guwahati.

 

(15) Chatrakar Temple, Uzan Bazar, Kamrup (M) District: 

The site located on devottar land has a group of three temples dedicated to Siva, Visnu and Mangalchandi of the late mediaeval   period. Built during the reign of the Ahom king Kamaleswar Singha, (1795-1810), the Chatrakar temple is an important saktashrine.  A few stone sculptures of the stone temple that existed on this site during the early mediaeval period are found here.  A few  sculptures of  the early  mediaeval  phase  have   been  embedded  in  the outer  walls  of   the  temples.  A beautifullycarved stone image of Vamshigopalais enshrined in the Visnu temple here. These temples have been renovated in recent years. Situated on the hillock facing the river  Brahmaputra  in north,  this is a place for  pilgrimage for  devotees amongst other regular visitors.

 

(16) Manikarneswar Temple Archaeological Site, North Guwahati, Kamrup District: 

Manikarneswar temple is in devottar land located at Manikarneswar hill in North Guwahati facing the river Brahmaputra. This is a late mediaeval brick Siva  temple  erected upon the  ruins  of an  early mediaeval  stone temple, the plinth  of  which is found to be star - shaped  with its vimana which is twelve sided. Upon this stone temple plinth a brick temple dedicated to Lord Siva was erected during the late mediaeval period. The temple is broken and the sikhara part is no longer in existence. Stone sculptures of an earlier period are found set on the outer walls of the temple. The brick-built mandapa of the temple renovated in the year 2005, has a horizontal panel of sculptures at bottom and vertical lines of floral and decorative arrangements. 

The temple has an amazing location surrounded by the river Brahmaputra. The scenic view of the large sheet of water of the Brahmaputra, visible on three sides of the hillock makes it aesthetically unique. Besides the panoramic view of the distant hills, a glimpse of the southern part of Guwahati city and the tranquillity of the site turn the spot into a resort of idyllicbeauty.

 

(17) Kanai Borosibowa Rock Inscription, North Guwahati, Kamrup District: 

The site has three rock cut inscriptions, a rock-cut geometrical design and a rock-cut figure of Ganesa. The earliest of the three inscriptions records invasion of Kamarupa by the Turks in 1205 CE. The other two inscriptions datable to the 17th century CE refers to a battle of the Assamese army with the Mughals. Of these records of the site, the first inscription i.e. the Kanai Borosibowa Rock Inscription is engraved upon a rock situated at a lower level in the eastern part of the site. The other two are engraved upon a huge rock in the middle of the site. The former record known as the Kanai Borosibowa Rock Inscription is engraved in the Assamese and Devnagari script and is considered to be the earliest specimen of an Assamese inscription. The date of the record is narrated in symbolic expression and not in figures as follows:

Sake Turaga-Jugmese Madhumasa-Trayodase Kamarupang samagatya Turuskah Kshayamayayuh.(In the Saka Era 1127 (1205CE) the Turks coming into Kamarupa were totally annihilated).  

(18) Asvakranta Temple Archaeological Site, North Guwahati, Kamrup District: 

The site is situated on devottar land and has two temples of Visnu and two rock-cut caves facing the river Brahmaputra.  Of these temples, the one located at the lower level of the hillock is known as Kurma Janardana temple and the other at the hilltop is known as Asvakranta temple or  Anantasayi Visnu temple. 

Both temples are erected upon the remains of two earlier stone temple plinths. The Aswakranta or Anantasayi Visnu temple at the hilltop is triratha in plan and has a mandapa. This temple has figures of the dasavatara forms of Visnu on the outer walls and a few others in the inner walls of the mandapa. The figure of Anantasayi Visnu is housed in the garbhagrha of the temple.

 

(19) Dirghesvari Devalaya, North Guwahati, Kamrup District: 

The site is known for its rock-cut sculptures of Ganesa and for a brick temple dedicated to the Goddess Dirghesvari or Durga.  The Dirghesvari temple is a saktipith of Goddess Durga situated on the Dirghesvari hill. The site has evidence of earlier stone structures which can be reached travelling along a stairway.  The hewn   marks of steps in rocks are still in existence. The site has a number of rock-cut sculptures and of these, a rock-cut figure of Ganesa is believed to be the largest in Assam.  These rock-cut figures are datable to c. 1000 -1100 CE. 

The Ahom King Siva Singha (1714-1744 CE) built a brick temple on the site. The brick built torana of the temple with an inscription embedded on it and evidence of the brick boundary wall stand as theonly evidence of the brick-built temple that existed on this site. The Dirghesvari hill being an elongatedrange and its rock base touches as it does the River Brahmaputra, yield a panoramicview of the riverfront. A small hilly stream perennially flowing by the temple further adds to the tranquilcharm of this site. 

 

(20) Chilating Rock Inscription, Gauripur, Kamrup District: 

This inscription exists at the foot of the Chilating hill on the National Highway No 31. Engraved in Assamese and datable to c.1734 CE, itrecords theexcavation of a moat (garhkhawoi).

 

(21) Rudreswar Temple, North Guwahati, Kamrup District: 

This is a late mediaeval Siva temple on devottar land, consisting of two separate structures, viz. a raised square platform and a temple with a mandapa restingupon the platform. The ground plan of the temple is square and includes an inner passage as pradakshinapatha.The upper storey has a temple with an openpradakshinapatha surrounding the sikhara. This structure recalls a Mughal-styled mausoleum. The stylistic feature of this structure primarily lies in its composite form as a temple and a mausoleum.  A stairway is provided from the ground level that leads one to the upper storey where the temple exists. The upper story is surrounded by an open space for performance ofpradakshina around the temple. 

The structure is a smaller mausoleum with a temple and is the only temple architecture of its kind in Assam.The sikhara of the temple is however no longer in existence. This temple was built by the Ahom king Pramatta Singha (1744-1751 CE) in memory of his father Rudra Singha     (1696-1714 CE), who died at this location.

 

(22) Chandrasekhar Temple, Umananda, Kamrup District: 

This is a brick-built temple constructed by the Ahom king Chandrakanta Singha in c.1820 CE.It is a miniature shrine. The ground plan of the temple is square-shaped and the sikhara of the temple is an octagonal dome with a number of horizontal mouldings. This temple is situated close to the main temple of the site dedicated to Uma Maheswara. 

 

(23) Hara-Gauri Temple, Umananda, Kamrup District: 

A brick-built miniature temple of the Ahom period located in devottarland is to be found near the Umananda temple. This temple has two decorative mouldings -one at the pabhaga and the other at the bada. 

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(24) Na-Math, Kamakhya, Kamrup (M) District: 

This is a squarish brick-built terracotta temple on devottar land enriched with carvings of   terracotta sculptures and floral designs. This is the only existing terracotta temple so far in Assam.  The Ahom king  Siva  Singha   (1714  - 1744 CE)  became  a  disciple  of  Krishnaram Bhattacharyya,  who  was  given the management of  the  temple   of  Kamakhya.  Krishnaram and his successors, generally known as Parbatiya Gosain, were assigned large estates  of  land  for the maintenance of this temple.  This temple was erected for the private worship of   the Parbatiya  Gosains by the king. 

 

(25) Umachal Rock Inscription, Nilachal hill, Kamrup (M) District: 

Umachal Rock Inscription is located on Umachal in Nilachal hill facing the River Brahmaputra. This rock-cut inscription is  engraved  in brahmi as  follows: 

This cave (temple) of the illustrious Lord Balabhadra has been constructed by maharajadhiraja Sri Surendra Varmana

 

(26) Persian Rock Inscription, Kamakhya, Kamrup (M) District : 

This Persian Rock Inscription is situated at the lower level of the Kamakhya hill, near the brick-built entrance that leads to the historical stone stairway of the Kamakhya temple. This is a short rock-cut inscription in Arabic script, engraved in two lines in letters datable to the late mediaeval period. It reads: sar-e- khijar lab-ye- hayat, translating to: 

"A prophet who the shows path to the pathless is alive(here)" 

 

(27) Pingaleswar Archaeological Site, Karara, Kamrup District:

 

            The site is located on devottar land and has evidence of a stone temple belonging to the early mediaeval period. Over the foundation of the stone temple a modern temple has been built. Stone temple sculptures, fragments of door jambs, pillar capitals, carved panels of sculptures depicting things such as players of musical instruments, dancing  figures,  lotus designs, erotic art forms and other temple  relics and a stone  inscription are found on this site. The Pingaleswara  temple was richly ornamented as reflected from  its decorative  components and  carvings  from  the  pabhaga of  the  temple. Frieze and bracket figures,apart from several angasikharas of the temple are to be found here. Sculptures and temple relics date back to c. AD 1000.  A gallery and a site museum have been set up here with sculptures and temple relics of the site. Siva is worshipped here in the linga form and revered as Pingaleswara in this site.

(28) Chandar Merghar Archaelogical Site, Chhaygaon, Kamrup District: 

            Chandar Merghar Archaeological Site has ruins of stone temple architectures of two different periods- 11th-12th century CE and the other (probably of),the 16th -17th century CE. A modern temple erected upon the old structures enshrines a Devi image and a Sivalinga in a large round sunken sanctum carved out of stone masonry. The site has a tank.        

An archaeological site-museum and a park with stone temple relics collected from the site have been set up here. Notable among these are stone door frames, sculptures of Ganesa, lotus erotic sculptures and other stone components such as amalaka and gargoyles of the temple. Popular belief associated this Merghar Archaeological Site with the legend of Beula Lakhindar and  Chand Sadagar of  the Padma Purana.

(29)   Siddheswar Temple Archaeological Site, Sualkuchi, Kamrup District:

            The Siddheswar temple of   Sualkuchi is situated on devottar land and dedicated to Lord Siva. It is a brick-built Siva temple situated upon a hillock. This temple was rebuilt upon the pabhaga of an early mediaeval stone temple during the reign of Swargadeo Siva  Singha in 1722 CE. The temple is situated on a hillock surrounded by a dead river in three directions and by the River Brahmaputra on the south. Archaeological evidence of a stone temple of early mediaeval period datable to c.1100 CE exists here. Stone sculptures and temple relics of this period  are reused as decoration for the outer  face of the walls of the  temple.  With the displaced stone temple relics of the early mediaevalperiod, a stone stairway leading to the temple has been built in the southern direction by the Ahom king. It seems that the temple originally was pancayatana in plan with a Siva linga in the centre. Of the other images, figures of Durga,  Visnu and Surya have been  found on the  walls  of  the  temple. The figure of Ganesa which ought to have been there is now missing. The temple has a bricktorana and is surrounded in all directions by old brick-built walls.

 

(30) Madan Kamdev Archaeological Site, Baihata Chariali, Kamrup District :           

The Madan Kamdev Archaeological Site has several stone temples spread over an area upon a hillock known locally as Madan Kamdeva hill. It is surrounded by the dead course of a stream known as Madan Kuri which still flows to its south. The site has a beautiful natural environment enriched by native flora and fauna. Amidst such grandeur lies Madan Kamdev in all its glory that once flourished as a socio-cultural centre. A remote name of Madan Kamdev temple was Hara Gauri-Kameswara. The presiding deity of the temple site is Uma-Maheswara enshrined in alingana posture in the garbhagriha of the principal shrine. There exists a plethora of temples, the ground plans of which are found laid in east-western alignment on the site. These temples however are miniature shrines now found only with their lithic ground plans of mandapa with garbhagrha.

            The principal shrine is pancaratha in ground plan. It has a rectangular mandapa. The temple is in ruins and exists upto the plinth level. The temple architecture is rich in ornamentation and a panel of amorous sculptures, sculptural forms of both human and animal life followed at bottom by a panel of Kirttimukha adorns the outer surface of the garbhagriha.Sculptures, floral designs and temple relics have been found in the site. Sculptures of divine and semi divine figures, both in sthanaka and asana varieties have been found. Fragments of angasekhara,dhawaja-sthambha and other sculptures of the site indicate that the temple had immense beauty when it was intact.  A three-faced female figure-a Brahmani-seated on a corpse and being surrounded by jackals and other animals, point towards the development of the native tantric belief of kaula-kapalika cult in this site.  The outer face of the garbhagriha of the temple is adorned with panels of scenesof erotic life. Judging by its style, the site dates back to the c.1000 CE

(31) Karbi Memorial, Dakhinbam, Sonapur, Kamrup (M) District:

            The Karbi Memorials Site contains a good number of monoliths in a single seat. These have been erected in memory of the dead as per the Karbi tradition of worshipping the souls of the dead for earning  piety and  prosperity  in  life.

(32)Vasistha Temple, Guwahati, Kamrup (M) District:           

This is  a  brick temple built  during  the  reign  of the Ahom King Rajeswar Singha (1751 - 1769 CE) in c. CE 1764. The site has evidence of a stone temple which once stood at this spot around 1000-1100 CE A brick temple has been built upon the remains of the stone temple of an earlier period. It is an octagonal temple with a polygonal sikhara over  it. The temple has a sunken garbhagriha which is believed to have the foot impression of the sage Vasistha, who is believed to have had his asrama in this area in the remote past.           

Vasistha temple is located on a small hill known as Sandhyachala in the southern extremity of the Guwahati city. The site has a hilly topography with fast streams flowing along the site.  The temple stands on the confluence of three hilly streams called Sandhya, Lalita and Kanta. As such, the site has unique natural beauty.

(33) Bhairabeswari temple, Rangia, Kamrup District:           

Remains of a stone temple datable to c. 1100 CE lie here on the bank of Harhariya Jan, which flows by the spot where it once stood.  Temple relics including sculptures of the period are found on the site. The site also has a large tank which is a dwelling place for seasonal migratory birds. Thus Bhairabeswari temple is a site known for both cultural and natural glory.

(34) Nazirakhat Archaeological Site, Sonapur, Kamrup (M) District:           

The Nazirakhat Archaeological Site is known historically as Ganesh mandir, as this site possibly had a stone temple dedicated to Lord Ganesa. This site has ruins of a stone temple belonging to the late mediaeval period. The temple was erected on the bank of the Karchiya river and numerous stone fragments and temple components are to be found on this site, including two rock cut sculptures of Ganesa. The geographical location of the Nazirakhat Archaeological       Site is one diversified by hills and plains and altogether generates an environment of natural charm enriched with cultural heritage.

(35) Bagheswari Peeth, Mirza, Kamrup District:           

Here exists a rock-cutGanesha of the mediaeval period, along with architectural components of a stone temple datable to 10^th -11^th CE

(36) Kajalichaki Archaeological Site, Chandrapur, Kamrup (M) District:           

Kajalichowki is a historical site that yields evidence of the fortification of dykes, ramparts, ditches and a mound located at close proximity to the confluence of Kolong and Brahmaputra, datable to the mediaeval period.

(37) Baman Ruins, Bamangaon, Darrang District :           

The Baman Archaeological  Site  is  located  on  a  small hillock  facing a dead water stream on Baman pathar. The site has ruins of a stone temple-saptaratha in ground plan. The garbhagriha of the stone temple is lotus-featured, complete with a stone pranala.The plinth is 5.71 m in all directions. The ground plan of the garbhargriha is squarish and its cruciform pattern is stylistically obvious. The temple pranala of the garbhagriha with its groove is set in the temple plinth.The squarish garbhagrha is fashioned like a bloomed lotus. The lotus-featured garbhagrha mayindicate that  the temple was dedicated to Goddess Devi. A modern temple has beenbuilt over the mandapa in recent years at Baman Archaeological Site. Numerous stone temple relics, sculptures, stone columns, components from the sikhara of the temple are found here.

 

(38) Narikoli Ruins, Khandajan, Darrang District:           

Remains of a stone temple exist on this site, over which a new temple has been built.

(39) Rudreswar Devalaya, Maharipara, Darrang District: 

A Temple enshrining a Sivalinga exists here, datable to 10^th – 11^th century CE 

(40) Jaljali Archaeological Site, Jaljali, Darrang District: 

A stone temple datable to 10^th-11^th century CE is to be found here.

 

(41) Jorpukhuri Ruins, Hatigarh, Udalguri District:           

Ruins of a stone temple lie here. Most of the stone blocks are carved with geometric and floral designs, as are sculptures of human and animal forms. A pair of large tanks exists at this site from which the name Jorpukhuri in Assamese is derived.           

The site covers an area of 100 x 140m and remains of a stone temple datable to c.1100-1200 CEare found on the site. The remains are mostly fragments of           the stone temple. No individual sculpture now exists at this site.  A carved panel depicting human figure,  carvings of   angasekhara,  broken  pillar capital, doorsil, among others are  also to be seen here. 

(42) Tamreswar Archaeological Site, Khairabari, Udalguri District:           

Tamreswar Archaeological Site associated with a historical tank contains stone temple  relics of  one or more Siva  temples,   which is surrounded by a brick reinforced wall. Some of the stone relics are exquisitely carved. A garbhagriha with a Sivalinga exists at the site.  The site seems to have had a brick-built mandapa with a floor of stone.  The locality has several historical tanks such as Jabara   Pukhuri,  Padu Pukhuri,  Bagamala Pukhuri, Ghanta Pukhuri, Khama Pukhuri, Thavaibari Pukhuri, Bherbheria Pukhuri, Sindhu Pukhuri, DewanPukhuri,  Kodaldhowa Pukhuri, Chita  Pukhuri  among several others.  In theeast of the site lies evidence of a once-flowing stream Dudra.           

This area is inhabited by the Bodos since times immemorial. The term Tameswar seems to have originated from thamiswar, which means three gods in the Bodo language.  These three presiding deities are- Rangraci, Gohouraci and Mitharaci identical to Brahma- Visnu - Mahesvara. Stone  temple  remains,  scroll  pattern  of  floral  designs,  parts  of  door  frame,  amalaka, carved horizontal lotus, stone foundation of the garbhagraha and numerous other stone temple relics exist here.  A site museum has been built up in situ, to preserve the stone temple relics and sculptures in 2004 -2005. Religious ceremonies such as Siva Ratri, Basanti Puja and Deul Utsav during Bohag Bihu are observed here. 

(43) Sculptures at Chummery Compound, Tezpur, Sonitpur District:           

Here lay installations of stone sculptural relics collected from different sites. (These relics have now been shifted to Cole Park). 

(44) Biswanath Temple, Biswanath Chariali, Sonitpur District:

            A brick-built temple belonging to the mediaeval period exists here. This is a temple structure located in devottar land with a squared cruciform ground plan and elevation up to its sikhara. The templeis enriched with terracotta carvings. This temple was erected by the Ahom king Gadadhar Singha (1680-1696 CE) and belongs to the early  phase of the development  of   Ahom temple architecture in Assam.  A modern spacious namghar has been built to the west of the temple.           

Three lines of decorative terracotta plaques adorn the outer walls of the temple. The facade of the temple is built of stone and a stone door frame bearing floral carvings adorns its trance.On the third day of the Bohag Bihu festival, the metallic idol of Biswanath is taken out of the temple to Bhargaon in a procession and brought back to the temple. Towards the end of the ceremonial procession bringing the Lord, the entire community divides into two groups-one loyal to Biswanath and the other to the Devi. The entry of lord Biswanath to the garbhagriha of the templeis resisted by the supporters of the Devi group.The God is allowed to enter the temple only after completion of a number of forceful circumambulations. This occasion is celebrated every year holding fair and social congregation.

 

(45) Christian Cemetery, Kalabari, Sonitpur District:           

The Christian Cemetery of Tezpur was earlier known as the European and Indian cemetery. In the year 1974, this cemeterycame to be known as the Christian Cemetery after the death of the last European Missionary, Rev. Father Wyld. The total number of European graves recorded here are 75. Of these, only 37 exist today. There are Indian graves. One of the most important graves in the cemetery is that of Charles Alexander Bruce (1793 -1871 CE), who discovered the indigenous tea plant in Assam. There also exists a war memorial column dedicated to the memory of the British andAssamese soldiers who laid down their lives in the Anglo-Burmese war of1826.  From an epitaph with a burial date of the grave of Mary Elizabeth,the cemetery can be dated back to 1827 CE. In 1835, the British Headquarters of Darrang District was shifted to Tezpur. Now, the Christian Cemetery of Tezpur has turned into a historical legacy of British Administration in Assam. 

(46) Vasudev Doul, Kalabari, Sonitpur District:           

Vasudev   Doul  is a brick-built  Visnu temple belonging to the  Ahom period. The temple is 20 m in height. A metallic idol of Vasudeva is worshipped here. It is a pancaratha temple with a kalasa  having five round discs.  A tank  is attached to the temple. The broken mandapa of this temple was renovated in the year 2005. Besides religiousceremonies, every year during Bihu the neo-Vaisnavites assemble in the yard of this temple to celebrate it. The performance of Mukali bihu, a typical open Bihu dance in groups by boys and girls separately, is very popular here, a rare event in present times. 

(47) Garhdoul Archaeological Site, Kalugaon, Sonitpur District :           

The remains of a fortified area  having  brick ruins of temples characterises the Garhdoul Archaeological  site. It has remains of a brick structure in the form of two mounds.  The brick structure was erected upon a brick platform.The site has a brick reinforced fortification-250m in all directions. Situated towards the north of Dah Parvatiya Archaeological Site, Garh Doul Archaeological Site has considerable importance.

(48) Bamgaon Ruins, Biswanath Chariali, Sonitpur District:           

This an archaeological site bearing evidence of brick temple belonging to the early mediaeval period.  A modern Vaisnava namghar has now been constructed on the site.  The site was excavated in the years 2002-03 and evidence of  temple structure datable to c 800 - 900 CE was unearthed. Ruins of brick built structures exposed through excavation have been found with sculptures and terracotta objects. The exposed evidence includes brick fragments depicting birds, floral designs, human and animal figures, brick used as corner pieces and other  terracotta art objects.

 

(49) Nandikeswar Devalaya, Jamugurihat, Sonitpur District: 

Nandikeswar  Devalaya  located on devottar land is a  brick temple built by Swargadeo Rudra Singha  (AD 1696-1714).The temple was rebuilt in brick upon the  stone  foundation of the earlier temple.  This is a rekha deul  variety  of  temple  with  groundplan of  the ratha projection. The present height of the visible stone plinth in the   garbhagrha is 8 m. The temple is surrounded by a brick boundary wall measuring 17.5 m in the east and 50 m in the north and south. The height of the wall with 70 cm width is 1 m.  A number of stone temple relics of early mediaeval period are found lying in the  campus of the  temple. These include: 

(1) Bottom part of a stone door frame

(2) A female figure standing on an animal figure and

(3) Dwarapala holding a gada in left hand. 

It is possible that there were several other stone fragments of this temple. The stone temple has its original stone door frame facing west. It measures 160 cm in height 60 m in width.The garbhagriha has a pith of linga and four pillars of stone. 

The temple is sinking with the garbhagriha now sunk upto 6 feet.

 

(50) Surya Image, Golchepa, Sonitpur District: 

The site has a brokenchaturbhuja  sculpture of Surya. The sculpture has been preserved in a shed in situ.The sculpture is datable to 1200 CE. 

(51) Rock Inscription, Burha Mayong, Morigaon District: 

This site is located on an ancient course of a river and has a rock-cut inscription engraved on the outcrop of a rock facing Mayong Kolongmukh Road.  This group of inscriptions has six lines on the left, fifteen lines in the middle and five lines on the right, placed horizontally and appears to contain three inscriptions in series. The inscriptions measure 395cms in length and 112cms in breadth. Each of the inscriptions measure 85cm x 47cm, 40cm x 112cm and 270cm x 30cm respectively.  The contents of the inscriptions are yet to be deciphered and are probably datable to the medieval period.

(52) Silchang Archaeological Site, Silchang, Morigaon District:           

Several dolmens exist at the site. These are revered as seats of local Tiwa Chief, Village Headman and other men of status in historical Tiwa society. These serve as evidence of a lingering tradition of monolithic erection among the ethnic community of the Tiwas of Assam.  This site treasures the traditional seats of stone for Dehaja, Senapati, Dekaraja, Bhai   Taumaji, Montradata, Deori, Lakhipuriya, Choudang. Atleast 12 generations of Khola  Deo Raja  till today are known to have performed royal administration on  social,   political and community life of the Tiwas from this site.

 

(53) Matharbari Archaeological Site, Baropujia, Nagaon District:           

Matharbari   Archaeological  Site   has remains of a stone temple. A shrine was erected long ago on this site. The  temple relics are datable to  c.1000 CE. This site also houses a tank.

(54) Rajbari Group of temples, Rajbari, Nagaon District:           

Rajbari Archaeological Site  is  a  group  of  at  least nine Siva temples enclosed within a massive brick-built boundary wall.Both stone and bricks are found employed as building material in raising the temples. Concentration of these temple structures altogether converted this site into a complex of nine temples. Of these, three temples had been built of bricks using stone for doorframes, pillar bases and columns. The ground plans of three of these brick-built temples have been excavated and conserved from 2003-04 and 2005-06. Upon the garbhagrha of two temples modern structures have been raised enshrining in these a Yonipith and a Uma - Maheswara respectively. The other temple plinth has a garbhagrha raised of stone.The site has numerous stone temple relics stylistically datable to 11th century CE.

(55) Sankhadevi Archaeological Site, Jogijan, Nagaon District:

Shankhyadevi site has a group of temples, located on Jogijan, a small tributary of the Kapili river.  The site has three mounds containing remains of   three stone   temples.  Of these, one mound has been salvaged and stone relics ofa temple dedicated to Devi Durga have been unearthed. The remains include fragments of a massive stone door jamb with carving of a figure of Durga  in the upper central part of the door frame. Doorjambs,carved stone,pranalafrom garbhagriha, doorsils,lintels, pillars and numerous other carved temple relics are found in this site. Numerous fragments of stone temples are   scattered everywhere. The two other mounds are   undisturbed. The site has a stone stairway leading to the river indicating earlier communication that was maintained through river to the temples of this site.

(56) Mahadeosal Archaeological Site, Mahadeosal, Nagaon District:           

Mahadeosal Archaeological Site has structural relics of a stone temple datable to c. 1000 CE. The site overall represents its historic location on river front.  Large tanks, trees and numerous sculptured stone blocks once used as components of the temple are to be found lying on this site. Some temple components like temple door frames are large in size. A stone pillar bearing carvings of dasavatara figures of Visnu are also to be found inside the modern shrine. This indicates the largeness of the temple that once existed on this site.

(57) Kawaimari Archaeological Site, Kampur, Nagaon District:           

Remains of stone temple architecture datable to c. 1100 CE exist here.Stone architectural evidence indicates theerstwhile existence of a Siva temple.

(58) Hatimura Temple, Jakhalabandha, Nagaon District:           

The Hatimura Temple is situated on a hillock of massive rock base on the southern bank of the Brahmaputra. The outcrop of rocks at this site is galore. In one of these a rocks is carved a figure of Ganesa. A rock-cut figure of a dasabhujaDurga is to be found on the hilltop along withthe Hatimura brick temple constructed during the reign of the Ahom king Swargadeo Pramatta Singha (1744-1751 CE). The site is surrounded by the Brahmaputra in three directions and as such has panoramicnatural beauty. Being located in isolation, visitors to this temple get momentum during festivals.

 

(59) Na-Nath, Archaeological Site, Kenduguri, Nagaon District:           

This is situated on an old water channel to the west of the Rajbari and Sankhya Devi Archaeological Sites. The site has eight brick temples divided in symmetrical plan facing each other in two lines.  The temple structures have components of stone pillar posts, bases, door jambs, doorsills, Siva linga and Yonipith.           

This group of brick-built temples are unique in Assam for these structures have been found embellished with terracotta plaques laid horizontally on the outer face of the walls. The variety of representation includes diverse aspects of nature, figures of gods and goddesses, human and animal figures, floral designs, scenes from public life, religious life and other aspects -all carved to decorate the brick temple walls.           

Such decorative arrangements in walls of temples as seen at NathArchaeological Site recalls artistic development of temple architecture during the Gupta  period.  Judging by the style, these pieces of archaeological evidence at Na-Nath can be dated to c.800 CE. The eight brick built Siva temples with one at Kenduguri nearby make altogether nine temples for which the site is known as Na-Nath.

(60) Maudanga Ruins, Maudanga, Nagaon District: 

Ruins of a temple, sculptured stone blocks and icons of divine figures are to be found here.

 

(61) Warigadeng Archaeological Site, Nagaon District: 

Numerous remains of brick architecture exist in this site.

(62) Sibpur Ruins, Sibpur, Nagaon District: 

Remains of two stone temples  exist  in  the form  of mounds.

 (63) Gachtal Archaeological Site, Dabaka, Nagaon District:           

Gachtal   Archaeological Site has two  stone temples dedicated to Siva  There is evidence of agarbhagrha and mandapa  with at least four doorways. The carvings on the door lintels and jambs consists of Ganesa, worshippers, a figure of Siva standing  with a rosary in the right and a trident in the left hand,  water vases  flanked by vyalas, elephants,  flowers,  foliage, animals,  twisted serpents and vases placed on amalaka. Figures of Saivite characters such as doorkeepers holding sula and pasa are notable. The evidence indicates development of stone temples at the site during 10 -11th century CE. A stone inscription datable to c.1200-1300 CE has been recovered from this site.

(64) Mikirati Archaeological Site, Dabaka, Nagaon District:           

Mikirati Archaeological   Site   has   at least ten brick mounds containing evidence of brick temple structures in them. One such brick mound unearthed by the Directorate in the years 2005-06 reveals the brick-built plinth of a temple with a pranala. The evidence is datable to c. 700 – 800 AD.  The other brick mounds remain yet to be explored.           

The site has evidence of a stone temple.  The stone sculptures and temple relics of Mikirati display a lingering trend of Indian Classical Art. Native cultural belief and practices also manifest in the expression of art. A temple plinth with its mandapa and garbhagrha with a linga and yonipith are found here.  These pieces of evidence point towards the development of a stone temple architecture since 10^th-11^th century CE.

 

(65) Akashiganga Archaeological Site, Parokhowa, Nagaon District:

Remains of about   three  temple   exist  at  Akashiganga Archaeological Site.  Akashiganga  is a rocky  spot  on a  stream surrounded by forests.  The beauty of  the site is enhanced by  a waterfall locally called Akashiganga and this waterfalls serves as a natural picturesque background for the temple ruins.  A  large  section of  the  stone temple remains have been shifted to an archaeological park and a site gallery installed nearby. Besides  numerous  fragments,  carved temple relics, other evidence  of the site include stone pillar capitals, some with carvings, amalakas, door frame, doorsills and jambs, pedestals, horizontal lotus moulded architraves andangasekharas of temples. Figures of Ganas, dancing ganas and  floral designs are also to be found here.

The ruins indicate the existence of a Siva temple in the site. Its unique natural beauty, hilly topography and forest attract people and the site remains a place for recreation over the ages.

(66) Kenduguri Archaeological Site, Kenduguri, Nagaon District:

            Remains of   both stone and   brick  and  evidence of  brick temples exist in this site in the form of a mound. The site is yet to be developed. 

(67) Devasthan Archaeological Site, Devasthan, Nagaon District:           

Devasthan Archaeological Site has atleast nine mounds containing brick remains of temples. Stone temple relics exposed in the site include door jambs, lintels, sculptures, Siva linga and Yonipith. Discovery of stone temple relics in the site suggests that both stone and bricks were used in temple construction. One exposed brick mound has been found with a Siva linga and Yonipith and another with a garbhagriha. Some sculptures of Gods and Goddesses and carved relics of a temple are preserved in a gallery erected on the site, which also houses a tank.

(68) Amtala Archaeological Site, Hojai, Nagaon District:

Here exist ruins of a stone temple stylistically datable to c. 9th - 10th century CE.  The site has a pair of historical tanks in the eastern and western directions respectively. During the years 2012-13, the Directorate of Archaeology, Assam, has carried out archaeological excavations in the site and exposed a brick built temple plinth measuring 10 x 13 m. to the north-east of the modern Siva Temple. Further excavation carried out in western tank has revealed stone stairways  and a brick embankment and floor.

(69) Gosaijuri Archaeological Site, Dabaka, Nagaon District:

This site has brick and stone temple ruins and also an image of Visnu.

(70) Bundura Archaeological Site, Kampur, Nagaon District:

Ruins of a stone temple datable to c. 10^th -11^th CE are found at the site.

(71) Basundhari Archaeological Site, Basundhari, Nagaon District:

The site hasthe image of a rock-cut Ganesa.

 

(72) Maghnowa Temple, Narayanpur, North Lakhimpur District:           

The Maghnowa  Temple  is situated  on  the  bank of the river  Pichala. Constructed during the reign of Swargadeo Pratap Singha (c 1603-1641 CE) it exhibits graceful balance between structural design and decorative treatment.This temple is octagonal in plan and has a rectangularmandapa. The outer  wall at the veranda level  has  a  horizontal line  of  full-bloomed four-petalled lotus and  a  panel  of devokosthas  inset  with  terracotta  and  stone sculptures  of gods and goddesses. These indicate a developed stage of art and architecture under the Ahoms in Assam.The temple has a gateway at the entrance and is surrounded by a brick wall. 

(73) Baghar Chukar Doul, Dhakuakhana, North Lakhimpur District: 

Baghar Chukar Doul is a miniature brick temple with an octagonal groundplan erected by the Chutiyas. In elevation, the eight vertical walls end in a plainveranda and thereafter each wall tapers into triangular form terminating in a common pinnacle.  The height of the temple is roughly 3.50m and its door is of 60cm x 60cm measurement. The size of the door and the inner space of the garbhagriha suggest that the cell was used for the enshrinement of the deity alone. Near to the temple there exists a starred brick altar meant for religious rituals. These structures were constructed by the Chutiyas during the late mediaeval period. 

(74) Gosaipukhuri Ruins, Laluk, North Lakhimpur District:           

Remains of a stone temple with carved images and relics are found here. Some relics of this temple have been shifted to the Laluk Higher Secondary school and to the PWD resthouse at Laluk. The site has a tank and some temple relics have been preserved in the Nabanagar Club in the locality. 

(75) Ghuguha Doul, Dhemaji, Dhemaji District:           

Ghuguha Doul  is a  brick built   temple belonging  to  the  Ahom age. It was erected by  the  Ahom king  Siva  Singha  ( 1714 - 44 CE)  in the name of   Ambika  Devi  during the first  part  of  the 18th century CE. The temple is surrounded by a brick wall and two ramparts. A number of tanks  excavated and attached to  the  temple  exist here.  The   West Dhemaji College, West Dhemaji High School and the West Dhemaji Girls High Schools are established on the land belonging to the temple. This is a small temple with a garbhagriha and a mandapa.

(76)  Deoparvat Archaeological Site, Numaligarh, Golaghat District: 

This site contains ruins of a stone temple erected upon a monolithic floor. The temple has a ceiling slab engraved with a large lotus bearing a relief of Vidyadhara holding a scarf and a necklace by both hands.   A vast range of elegantly sculptured blocks of pre-Cambrian rocks recalling the later Gupta era are to be found here. 

The massive  door  jambs  with  foliage of  drooping  petals,  encircling creepers with  animal  and sculptural representation of  female door keepers with coronets and huge perforated patrakundalas are other noteworthy finds. 

These  apart,  sculptural  representation  of  kirttimukhas, kala -makaras,  panels  with carvings of  figures depicting episodes from the Ramayana, the Mahabharata, Bhagawata  purana are indicative of the growth of a native art and architectural style at Deoparat during 1100-1200 CE

Near to Deoparvat, at Arlongpira,  there  exists evidence  of a sculptor's workshop with evidence of layout of a temple plan in a single line of trial foundation. This indicates the growth of a local craftsmanship and art tradition of temple-building activity in this locality.

(77) No. 1 Dubarani Archaeological Site, Borpathar, Golaghat District: 

Ruins of brick-built temples exposed through excavation are preserved here. The site contains mounds of brick temple remains. Of these, three mounds have been exposed. The ground plan of a floor of some structure, a ground plan of a square temple measuring 10 metres in all directions with an outer wall an inner wall and a centrally laid squaregarbhagriha have been unearthed The other mound has revealed the ground plan of a brick temple with a garbhagriha with a Siva linga, a hemispherical object on stone and a dhawaja stambha in it. Layout of an ardhamandapa andtorana or entrance gateway with an outer wall of a temple has also been discovered. 

Theremains of a brick temple at No1 Dubarani Archaeological Site indicate the development of a regional architectural pattern of brick-temple architecture modelled along the lines of Gupta temple architecture. The plain and straight walls of the temple are not accompanied by a sikhara but has a flat roof (thatched in this case)- a feature characteristic in the early phase of Gupta architecture.

 

(78) Alichiga Tengani Archaeological Site, Barpathar, Golaghat District: 

Alichiga Tengani Archaeological Site is a fortified settlement. The site is square in its ground plan. This site was developed as a setubandha as per the principle of the ancient Indian silpasastras.It has an embankment in the centre found with evidence of bricks which is fortified by a water ditch in four directions except for its two entrances laid in west and east. This site also has a small embankment situated close by. The site was developed as a port or as a harbour duly connected to the river Dhansiri by a system of canals.This indicates the existence of a trade centre under royal administration at this site. An inscribed clay sealing of  Sri  Vasundhara varmana  and a  stone  slab  inscription  with the impression of a  pair of human foot  prints  and name of  Sri  Ratnavarmana have been recovered from here.  Both the records have been engraved in brahmi character datable to c.400-500 ACE.   

(79) Grave of Bahadur Gaon Burha, Jorhat Town, Jorhat District:           

Bahadur Gaon Burha actively  participated  in the  Indian  Sepoy Mutiny of 1857. The grave of this patriot of the First War of Indian Independence is located on the road to Jorhat town.

(80) Na-Pukhuri Siva Temple, Rudreswar, Sivasagar District:           

The Na-pukhuri Tank lies near the Na-pukhuri Siva Temple which was constructed during the reign of Swargadeo Lakshmi Singha (1769-1780) and consecrated during the reign of Gourinath Singha (1780-1794).

 

(81) Visnu Doul, Namti, Sivasagar District:

            A brick-built temple constructed by Namatial Bhagati  Barbarua in the year 1775 CEduring the reign of Swargadeo Gourinath Singha   (1780 -1794)  exists here. The sikhara of the temple is decorated with vertical and horizontal lines. These lines intersect at angles to provide ornamental arrangements.  The walls of the temple represent wooden panels of native Assamese architectural designs. The temple is surrounded by a brick-built enclosure wall.

 

(82) Devi Doul, Namti, Sivasagar District:           

A brick-built temple constructed by  Namtial  Bhagati  Borbarua in the year 1775 during the reign of Swargadeo Gourinath Singha (1780-1794)  exists  here. The sikhara of this temple is adorned with vertical lines and the walls of the temple are modelled on the wooden panels of a Assamese house. The wall of the temple is adorned with terracotta mouldings of lotus.

 

(83) Sa-Dhowa Pukhuri, Sukafa Nagar, Sivasagar District:           

The Sa-dhowa tank is associated with the Maidam located at Charaideo. Literally, Sa-dhuwa means religious washing of the corpse before cremation into the Maidams. This is the only tank bearing the evidence of this practice in Assam and hence, it is historically very significant. 

(84) Phakuwa Doul, Joysagar, Sivasagar District:           

A brick-built temple constructed during the reign of Swargadeo Rudra Singha (1696-1714 CE) exists here.  This is a structure octagonal in plan laid with a series of stairs to its central height and provided with eight angasekharas   at plinth level at each eight corners of the structure. The series of stairs of the structure is tapered upward and has a flat platform at the top. Four principal stairs of the structure have been laid in four directions  from bottom to the  top of  this structure where a temple was erected.           

It is a pyramidal architecture bearing the characteristic style of the steppedarchitecture Chichen Itza of the Mayan Civilization datable to 600 CE located in the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico. Stylistic features of this structure resemble certain South-east Asian monuments such as Borobudur of east Java.

 

(85) Hara Gauri Temple, Joysagar, Sivasagar District:           

This is a brick-built temple constructed during the reign of the Ahom king Swargadeo Rajeswar Singha (1751 – 1769 AD).  It is a small do-chala structure. The temple is profusely ornamented, with the upper part of the outerwall containing floral designs.           

The walls are designed like the panels of wooden Assamese houses. Posts of the architecture project outside in the shapes of wooden posts of Assamese houses. It may be that this temple was earlier erected with wood and bamboo and was later redone with bricks.

(86) Gorokhiya Doul, Nazira, Sivasagar District:           

Gorokhiya Doul is a  brick-built temple constructed during the reign of the Ahom king Swargadeo Pratap Singha (1603-1648 CE). It is one of the early temples constructed by the Ahoms.The temple is small and octagonal in plan and has a stunted sikhara.  Also known as Mai Doul or Maheswara  Ghar or Puja  Sil,  the  Garakhiya  Dol represents the earlier  phase of development  of temple architecture of the Ahoms. The outer walls of this structure bear two horizontal rows of devakosthas. This temple is a simple structure.

 

(87) Barpatra Gohain Dol Pukhuri Archaeological Site, Bethbari, Sivasagar District: 

During the reign of the Ahom King  Rudra Singha, (c.1696-1714 A.D.) Chengkong Borpatra Gohain-a descendant of the royal minister of Kenduguria Borpatra Gohain family-had excavated the tank at Kenduguri. He went on further to construct the Siva Doul, Vishnu Doul and Devi Doul at the northern bank of the tank which are known as  the historic Borpatra Gohain Doul.

 

(88) Piyali Phukanar Doul, Geleki, Sivasagar District:           

Two  brick-built temples  dedicated  to  Siva  and  Vishnu existed  at  the  site believed  to  be  constructed  by   the historical Rangachila  Duarah family of this locality,to which  martyr Piyali  Phukan  belonged to.  This temple was surrounded by a brick-built wall and possibly had a torana.  At present however only one temple is in existence.  The temple has a number of stone sculptures of the early period.

 

(89) Thoura Doul, Rajmai, Sivasagar District:           

This temple with brick decorative tiles was constructed by Alan Burha-Dihingia Barbarua in 1683-85 CE during the reign of Ahom king Gadadhar Singha (1681-1696 CE). A tank attached to the Thoura temple, believed to be one of the earliest tanks excavated during Ahom rule, is to be found here.

(90) Visnu Doul, Kalugaon, Sivasagar District:           

A brick-built temple constructed by Harinath Barpatra, a brother of Queen Phuleswari during the reign of Siva Singha (1714 -1744 CE) exists here. Stone sculptures depicting the dasavatara incarnations of Visnu are fixed in the devakosthas (niches) of this temple. 

(91) Jagaddhatri Doul, Kalugaon, Sivasagar District:           

The Jagadhatri  Doul  is  a  brick-built temple constructed by  Harinath  Bar Patra,  a brother of  Queen  Phuleswari during the  reign of  Siva  Singha   ( 1714 -1744 CE).  This  is a sakta  temple  of  the  Ahom  age and  a number of  sculptures are  found  laid  in  the devakosthas of  this temple.

 

(92) Borpatra Tank, Kalugaon, Sivasagar District:           

This  is  a  large  royal  tank  excavated  by the Ahom Queen  Ambika Devi  during  the Ahom period. It is attached to the Jagaddhatri temple of the site. 

(93) Gallows Site of Piyali Phukan, Sivasagar, Sivasagar District:           

Piyali Phukan, the son of Badan Barphukan was publicly hanged in this spot at the north-eastern corner of the historical Sivasagar tank in 1830 CE by the British rulers. A memorial park with a memorial column commemorating  the name of this patriot stand here.  He was the first martyr of Assam during British rule. 

(94) Charaideo Maidams, Sukafa Nagar, Sivasagar District: 

Charaideo- a sacred place of the Morans and Barahis- bears the memory of the Ahom kings. It was here that Sukafa, the first Ahom monarch set up his permanent capital in 1253 CE, which continued to remain, as such till the region of King Tyao Khamti (1380-1389 ACE). Charaideo can be divided into three principal areas: the capital area, the cemetery area and the sacred area. Through no structural evidence remains of the capital area at present, the remains in the cemetery and religious areas are still to be seen. It was here that members of the royal Ahom families as well as the high-ranking officers were buried according to Ahom customs and rituals. Through it is not possible now to identity as to which burial maidam belonged to whom in view of the absence of materials as well as documentary evidence, tradition assigns some of the maidams to particular ruling Ahom monarchs and their consorts. 

Charaideo Archaeological Site is the sacred royal burial abode of the Ahom monarchy. The site is situated on the Sivasagar Sonari Road, in Charaideo Division of Sivasagar District.           

The burial mounds are called maidams and the site covers 750 bighas of land and approximately 3500 m in radius. Proposed developmenttook the form of regulating the inflow of touristsby introducing an entry feeto the site and putting a check onunauthorized earth-cutting within the heritage zone by providing a permanent brick boundary wall in the entire area.

 

(95) Bogi Doul, Meteka, Sivasagar District:           

This  site  has  a  foundation of  a broken brick  temple  constructed during the reign of  Swargadeo Lakshmi  Singha  (c.1744-51 CE). The temple wasa brick Siva temple. The temple collapsed during the earthquake of 1897 and the foundation and parts of sikhara of the brick temple lie here on the bank of a tank historically attached to this site. 

(96) Golaghar, Garhgaon, Sivasagar District:           

This is a magazine house of the Ahom age. Garhgaon was once the capital of the Ahom     kingdom and the Ahom rulers used this monument as a Magazine house to store arms and ammunitions.

 

(97) Lunkuri Doul, Doulbagan, Sivasagar District: 

Relics of an old brick built Siva temple of Gadadhar Singha's time exist here. 

(98) Darika Silsako, Simaluguri, Sivasagar District:           

The Darika Silsako is built over the Darika River. The bridge stands on four pillars. The foundations of the pillars are made of dressed stone blocks. The upper surface of the bridge is slightly carved and there are five arches made up of thin lakori bricks with lime surkhi mortar in the lower part of the bridge adjacent to the pillars.  The breadth of the bridge is 12 feet 13 inches, the length 109 feet 2 inches and the height 18 feet 5 inches.  The bridge was constructed during the reign of Swargadeo Pratap Singha (c.1603-41 CE).

 

(99) Kenduguri Silsako, Kenduguri, Sivasagar District:           

The Kenduguri Silsako is built over the Dijoikona River at Kenduguri. The bridge stands on two pillars. The foundations of the pillars are made of dressed stone blocks.  The upper surface of the bridge is slightly carved and there are three arches made up of thin lakori bricks with lime surkhi mortar adjacent to the pillars. The breadth of the bridge is 13 feet 5 inches, the length 78 feet 5 inches and the height 15 feet 5 inches.

(100) Barbarua Maidam, Lukwa, Sibsagar District: 

The Barbarua was an officer in the medieval period who was the Ahom governor of Eastern Assam, i.e. of the territories east of Kaliabor. 

(101) Bhojo Warfare Site, Sonari, Sivasagar District:           

This site was used as a training centre for Guerilla warfare tactics by the Ahoms in the medieval period. The area covers about 129 bighas of land. The site comprises of numerous man-made earthen mounds which lie 90-100 cms apart from one another. The height of the mounds varies from 1.10 metres to 1.20 metres. Evidences of some trench-like cavity are also to be seen on the site.

(102) Gargaon Rampart, Nazira, Sivasagar District: 

The Ahom king Siuklen-mong (c.1539-1551 CE) or Garhgonya Raja built the capital city of Ahom at Gargaon in c.1540 CE. He fortified the city in all directions by erecting earthen ramparts and dug up moats as a deterrent to foreign invasion. There are four gates to enter the Gargaon city. The shape of the city is apparently rectangular.

(103) Raidongia Doul, Kalakhowa, Dibrugarh District:           

Raidongia doul is a brick-built Devi temple constructed during the reign of the Ahom king Swargadeo Pramatta Singha (1744-1751 CE).

 

(104) Moiramora Doul, Khamtighat, Dibrugarh District:           

Moiramara Ruins is situated on the bank of the Dihing at Khamtighat. The site has stone sculptures of different postures and attitudes datable to the early and late mediaeval period. The sculptures bear native ethnic texture.

 

(105) Bezor Doul, Dimou, Dibrugarh District:           

Here exists a brick-built temple having an octagonal garbhagrihawith a narrow antaralaattached to it, datable to the late mediaeval period of Ahom reign. A traditional medicine practitioner of Ahom kingdom (Bez), who belonged to the 'Chung khel', got promoted from Bez to Bezbaruah for his excellent medical treatment to the Royal family. He received a large area of land from the Ahom king at the present day Bezor Pathar area, where he went on to construct the Bezor Doul.

(106) Borganga Rock Inscription, Dokmoka, Karbi Anglong District:

The Barganga Archaeological Site is situated in Barganga village at a distance of about 3 kms to the south of Dokmoka in Karbi Anglong district. The evidence of a temple of large dimensions with three structural components – the garbhagriha,ardha mandapa and a mandapa-exists here.The garbhagriha of the temple is built of stone while the mukhamandapa andmandapa are made of bricks. The site has a series of rocks and evidence of rock-cut sculptures and brick remains. 

One of the rocks of the site is engraved with an inscription in four lines. The epigraph records the establishment of an asrama or a hermitage during the reign of Bhutiavarmana who ruled in c.600 CE.The site also has sculptures of dwarapalas, a door jamb, a gajavyala, a human figure playing a musical instrumentamong others. These are stylistically datable to c.1100 CE. 

(107) Ruins at Sarthe Rangphir Gaon, Phuloni, Karbi Anglong District: 

Sarthe Rangpha Gaon has evidence of the layout of a fortified settlement with tanks, ramparts and ditches. The site also has evidence of a stone temple of large proportions as seen in carved stone fragments bearing carvings of lotus, besides the layout of a plinth of a stone temple. Natural lay of the area reflects that this was a site of early settlement. This site was probably a centre through which passed communication routes connecting it with other sites in the Kapili-Jamuna valley.  Sarthe Rangpha Gaon has evidence of an ancient settlement upon an elevated area surrounded by a paddy field. 

(108) Burhagosain Than, Dokmoka, Karbi Anglong District: 

Burhagosain Than has stone temple relics stylistically datable to c.1100 CE. These include a  number of chiselled  and carved stone  components,  fragments of old bricks and a river ghat surrounded by a brick boundary wall. A modern temple shed has however been built upon the old cell floor with theSivalinga at its centre which is intact. The site has brick  structural evidence at the riverghat which suggests that a  riverwharf  flourished at this site.

(109) Rock-cut Durga, Tilapara, Langhin, Karbi Anglong District: 

This rock-cut Durga at Tilapara is located on the Diphu-Dimapur Road at a distance of  20 kms from Langhin in Karbi Anglong. The name Tilapara means a mound on which the rock-cut figure of a Durga exists surrounded by a village settlement. One of the rocks of this hillock contains a rock-cut figure of dasabhuja Durga provided with a rounded niche of 10 cm depth. The relief is provided with a squarish face with a flat type headgear with three equidistant projections.It wears puspakundala and akanthahara.To the left is a motif of a lion, the celestial vahana.Her right arms hold a khadga and a trisula with its tip piercing the Asura. Her left arms hold a pasa and an indistinct object.The deity is carved in the posture of killing Mahisasura with her trisula.This  rock-cut figure is stylistically datable to c.1000 AD. 

(110) Rock-cut Ganesa, Boga Doul, Langhin, Karbi Anglong District: 

Bogadoul Archaeological Site has a rock-cut caturbhuja figure of Ganesa seated on an asana.  The figure holds a  japamala, an ankusha, a trisula, and a  fruit.  The  head of the Ganesa is decorated with a jatamukuta. Remains of old bricks are seen at the site,which indicate the possibility of the existence of a brick structure. 

(111) Metha-long-e, Donkamokam, Karbi Anglong District: 

The site has a group of monoliths known locally as Metha-long-e. The group has atleast 25 monoliths.The height of the taller monoliths ranges from 3.50m to 5.10m. The monolithic columns indicate the lingering megalithic tradition of worship of the souls of the dead for prosperity among the native community.

 

(112) Ruins at Chikari Rongpi Gaon, Langlokso, Karbi Anglong District: 

The remains at  Chikari Rongpi Gaon indicate the existence of a small stone temple of exquisite beauty. Few relics from the site have been preserved in a modern temple shed at Dentaghat.       

(113) Tanks and Rampart, Maibong, North Cachar District:           

The site has a brick rampart of 1 km length extending upto river Mahur in west and hill range    in east. Maibong was the capital of the Kacharis who had erected this rampart for the fortification of their settlement area. The site has two royal ponds with brick embankments known as Raja pukhuri and Rani Pukhuri. Of these, one tank is 14 m in width and the four banks have masonry flights of steps made of bricks from its bank to the bottom of the tank. The other brick tank Raja Pukhuri is rectangular in plan. 

(114) Shiva temple, Shivtila, Cachar District:           

Two brick temples with  inscriptions built during the time of the Dimasa king Krishnachandra    exist here. The temples are squarish in ground plan and elevation and raised on brick  platforms.

(115) Old Brick Building, Moina, Karimganj District:

This is a  brick  built  building  of  late mediaeval  period. The building is rectangular in plan and elevation and has a number of false windows fashioned as a means for decoration of the structure. The walls also have floral designs employed to decorate the building.

(116) Gaurivallabh Devalaya, Sivasagar District:

The Gaurivallabh Devalaya was constructed in c.1774 CEduring the reign of the Ahom King Lakshmi Singha. The elder son of Ramananda Arachrya constructed the brick-built temple in memory of his father. Ramananda Arachrya was known as Na-Gosain, so, Gauriballav Devalaya is also known as Na-Gosair Doul.

The temple consists of two segments viz, garbhagriha and antarala. The garbhagriha is surmounted by a chow-chala type of sikhara, with four angasikharas while the antarala has a  do-chala type of roof.

 

(117) Lithapana Maidams, Sivasagar District:

 

 

 

Protected Archaeological Sites and Monuments

(1) Magazine House, Panbari, Dhubri District:

The Magazine house is located at Panbari in Dhubri district. It was erected during the period of conflict between the Ahoms and the Mughals.

(2) Panbari Ruins, Panbari, Dhubri District:

Ruins of the foundation of a brick structure datable to medieval period is found at the site. 

                                           

(3) Moterjhar Temple, Moterjhar, Dhubri District:

A brick-built temple of the Koch period is found here. This site has a tank. Evidence of a brick structure of a secular nature is also found buried in the site.

                                       

(4) Mahadev Parvat, Sri Sri Surya Pahar, Goalpara District:

A great number of Siva lingas are found at the site. This site is located on the bank of the river Brahmaputra near the Goalpara Sainik School.

(5) Paglatek Ruins, Paglatek, Goalpara District:

This site dates back to the post-Gupta period. A few gold coins thought to belong to c. 700 CE, found at this site by a chance discovery. This site has a single rock-cut cave facing the river Brahmaputra. Components of a stone temple, carved temple relics and a Yonipith datable to c.1100 CE are found here. 

 

(6) Raush Monument, Kachari Road, Goalpara District:           

The Raush Monument is the grave of an European salt trader located at Bandar Kanda hillock near the Court of the Chief Judicial Magistrate in Goalpara. The hillock has a unique location surrounded as it is by the River Brahmaputra on three directions. It housed a colony of British and other European officials- the existence of several graves and evidence of British buildings point towards that. The graves commemorate the glory of the British officials who had controlled administration from this locality in Goalpara.

(7) Tukreswari Temple, Krishnai, Goalpara District:           

A Siva linga is to be found at this site. A modern temple with a corrugated iron sheet roof now exists at its foot. According to popular lore, a part of Sati's body fell here. It belongs to 10^th-11^th century temple.

                                                  

(8) Siva Than, Pancharatna, Goalpara District: 

Here exist archaeological ruins of different cultural periods. The rock-cut stupa is stylistically datable to the pre-Chrstian era. The architectural components of a stone temple scattered at this site can be stylistically dated to c. 10^th -11^th CE.

 (9) Ganesh Mandir, Abhayapuri, Bongaigaon District: 

The Ganesh Temple Archaeological Site has a ground plan and remains of a stone temple of Ganesa surrounded by a raised brick built platform with a floor. The brick plinth is typically triratha in plan. The ground plan of the stone temple of Ganesa has two parts -the garbhagriha and antarala. The site has numerous stone temple fragments. These are preserved in three archaeological site galleries.

(10) Kakaijana Archaeological Site, Kakaijana, Bongaigaon District:

There is evidence of bricks exposed on the surface, a Siva linga and a Yonipith is also seen at this site.

(11) Billeswar Temple, Belsor, Nalbari District:         

Billeswar Temple is built of brick over the foundations of a stone temple. It has a stone inscription proclaiming a land grant for the maintenance of the temple by the Ahom King Siva Singha (1714-1744 CE). The site has a tank and the outer wall of the temple is decorated with a number of sculptures modern in appearance. The garbhagriha of the temple is now sunk and its Siva linga and  Yonipitha  remain submerged throughout  the year  owing  to  the  raising of the level  of the  ground  around  the temple. 

                                               

 

(12) Balilecha Kali Mandir, Nalbari, Nalbari District:

Ruins of two brick-built temple exist here. One of them enshrines an image of the goddess Kali, built during the Ahom period. 

(13) Ambari Archaeological Site, Ambari, Kamrup (M) District: 

The Ambari Archaeological Site was discovered in the year 1968. The settlements of the site are broadly assigned to two cultural periods - from BCE 200 while the later cultural phase after a brief cultural gap continued from c. 1100 CE to the late mediaeval period. Major structural remains of the early phase are comprised of the remains of a tank of burnt bricks followed by a drainage system, brick-paved pathways, brick-paved floors and foundation walls of the early mediaeval period. The discovery of a large number of stone sculptures, Siva lingas, terracotta, kaolin pots, oil lamps, sculptures, and other antiquities like beads and ornaments make it clear that the site was an atelier and artists and sculptors dwelt in this site leading.

(14) Umananda Temple, Umananda, Kamrup District: 

The Umananda temple is situated on the Umananda Island in the midst of the river Brahmaputra. The site has stone sculptures and carvings belonging to the early mediaeval period. A chaturbhuja stone female figure still exists here besides rock cut figures of Ganesa and a cave. There are three temples on this river island. The Ahom king Gadadhar Singha (1681-1696 CE) erected a brick temple dedicated to Lord Siva on top of the existing stone structure of the earlier period. There exist  two  other brick  temples – the Chandrasekhara temple, believed to be built  in 1820 CE by  the  Ahom   King  Chandrakanta Singha and the Hara-Gauri temple of the contemporary period, built by Gaurinath Singha. Of these three, the Umananda temple is the oldest and tallest and an inscribed silver image of Siva is worshipped inside it. 

(15) Chatrakar Temple, Uzan Bazar, Kamrup (M) District: 

The site located on devottar land has a group of three temples dedicated to Siva, Visnu and Mangalchandi of the late mediaeval   period. Built during the reign of the Ahom king Kamaleswar Singha, (1795-1810), the Chatrakar temple is an important sakta shrine.  A few stone sculptures of the stone temple that existed on this site during the early mediaeval period are found here.  A beautifully carved stone image of Vamshigopala is enshrined in the Visnu temple here.

(16) Manikarneswar Temple Archaeological Site, North Guwahati, Kamrup District: 

Manikarneswar temple is in devottar land located at Manikarneswar hill in North Guwahati facing the river Brahmaputra. This is a late mediaeval brick Siva temple erected upon the ruins of an early medieval stone temple, the plinth of which is found to be star - shaped  with its vimana which is twelve sided. Upon this stone temple plinth, a brick temple dedicated to Lord Siva was erected during the late mediaeval period. The temple is broken and the sikhara part is no longer in existence.

(17) Kanai Borosibowa Rock Inscription, North Guwahati, Kamrup District: 

The site has three rock cut inscriptions, a rock-cut geometrical design and a rock-cut figure of Ganesa. The earliest of the three inscriptions records invasion of Kamarupa by the Turks in 1205 CE. The other two inscriptions datable to the 17th century CE refers to a battle of the Assamese army with the Mughals. Of these records of the site, the first inscription i.e. the Kanai Borosibowa Rock Inscription is engraved upon a rock situated at a lower level in the eastern part of the site.

(18) Asvakranta Temple Archaeological Site, North Guwahati, Kamrup District: 

The site is situated on devottar land and has two temples of Visnu and two rock-cut caves facing the river Brahmaputra.  Of these temples, the one located at the lower level of the hillock is known as Kurma Janardana temple and the other at the hilltop is known as Asvakranta temple or Anantasayi Visnu temple. Both temples are erected upon the remains of two earlier stone temple plinths. The Aswakranta or Anantasayi Visnu temple at the hilltop is triratha in plan and has a mandapa. This temple has figures of the dasavatara forms of Visnu on the outer walls and a few others in the inner walls of the mandapa. The figure of Anantasayi Visnu is housed in the garbhagrha of the temple.

                            

(19) Dirgheswari Devalaya, North Guwahati, Kamrup District: 

The site is known for its rock-cut sculptures of Ganesha and for a brick temple dedicated to the Goddess Dirghesvari or Durga.  The site has a number of rock-cut sculptures and of these, a rock-cut figure of Ganesa is believed to be the largest in Assam.  These rock-cut figures are datable to c. 1000 -1100 CE. The Ahom King Siva Singha (1714-1744 CE) built a brick temple on the site. The brick built torana of the temple with an inscription embedded on it and evidence of the brick boundary wall stand as the only evidence of the brick-built temple that existed on this site.

(20) Chilating Rock Inscription, Gauripur, Kamrup District: 

This inscription exists at the foot of the Chilating hill on the National Highway No 31. Engraved in Assamese and datable to c.1734 CE, it records the excavation of a moat (garhkhawoi).

(21) Rudreswar Temple, North Guwahati, Kamrup District: 

This is a late mediaeval Siva temple and was built by the Ahom king Pramatta Singha (1744-1751 CE) in memory of his father Rudra Singha (1696-1714 CE) on devottar land, consisting of two separate structures, viz. a raised square platform and a temple with a mandapa resting upon the platform. The ground plan of the temple is square and includes an inner passage as pradakshinapatha. The upper storey has a temple with an open pradakshina patha surrounding the sikhara. A stairway is provided from the ground level that leads one to the upper storey where the temple exists. The upper story is surrounded by an open space for performance of pradakshina around the temple. 

(22) Chandrasekhar Temple, Umananda, Kamrup District: 

This is a brick-built temple constructed by the Ahom king Chandrakanta Singha in c.1820 CE. It is a miniature shrine. The ground plan of the temple is square-shaped and the sikhara of the temple is an octagonal dome with a number of horizontal mouldings. This temple is situated close to the main temple of the site dedicated to Uma Maheswara. 

(23) Hara-Gauri Temple, Umananda, Kamrup District: 

A brick-built miniature temple of the Ahom period located in devottar land is to be found near the Umananda temple. This temple has two decorative mouldings - one at the pabhaga and the other at the bada. 

(24) Na-Math, Kamakhya, Kamrup (M) District: 

This is a squarish brick-built terracotta temple on devottar land enriched with carvings of   terracotta sculptures and floral designs. This is the only existing terracotta temple so far in Assam.  The Ahom king Siva Singha (1714 - 1744 CE)  became  a  disciple  of  Krishnaram Bhattacharyya,  who  was  given the management of  the  temple   of  Kamakhya.  Krishnaram and his successors, generally known as Parbatiya Gosain, were assigned large estates  of  land  for the maintenance of this temple.  This temple was erected for the private worship of   the Parbatiya  Gosains by the king. 

(25) Umachal Rock Inscription, Nilachal hill, Kamrup (M) District: 

Umachal Rock Inscription is located on Umachal in Nilachal hill facing the River Brahmaputra. This rock-cut inscription is  engraved  in brahmi as  follows: This cave (temple) of the illustrious Lord Balabhadra has been constructed by maharajadhiraja Sri Surendra Varmana.

(26) Persian Rock Inscription, Kamakhya, Kamrup (M) District : 

This Persian Rock Inscription is situated at the lower level of the Kamakhya hill, near the brick-built entrance that leads to the historical stone stairway of the Kamakhya temple. This is a short rock-cut inscription in Arabic script, engraved in two lines in letters datable to the late mediaeval period. It reads: sar-e- khijar lab-ye- hayat, translating to: "A prophet who the shows path to the pathless is alive(here)" 

(27) Pingaleswar Archaeological Site, Karara, Kamrup District:

The site is located on devottar land and has evidence of a stone temple belonging to the early medieval period. Over the foundation of the stone temple a modern temple has been built. Stone temple sculptures, fragments of door jambs, pillar capitals, carved panels of sculptures depicting things such as players of musical instruments, dancing figures, lotus designs, erotic art forms and other temple relics and a stone inscription are found on this site. The Pingaleswara temple was richly ornamented as reflected from its decorative components and carvings from the pabhaga of the temple. Frieze and bracket figures, apart from several angasikharas of the temple are to be found here. Sculptures and temple relics date back to c. AD 1000. 

 

(28) Chandar Merghar Archaelogical Site, Chhaygaon, Kamrup District: 

Chandar Merghar Archaeological Site has ruins of stone temple architectures of two different periods- 11th-12th century CE and the other (probably of),the 16th -17th century CE. A modern temple erected upon the old structures enshrines a Devi image and a Sivalinga in a large round sunken sanctum carved out of stone masonry. The site has a tank. An archaeological site-museum and a park with stone temple relics collected from the site have been set up here. Notable among these are stone door frames, sculptures of Ganesa, lotus erotic sculptures and other stone components such as amalaka and gargoyles of the temple. Popular belief associated this Merghar Archaeological Site with the legend of Beula Lakhindar and  Chand Sadagar of  the Padma Purana.

(29)   Siddheswar Temple Archaeological Site, Sualkuchi, Kamrup District:

The Siddheswar temple of   Sualkuchi is situated on devottar land and dedicated to Lord Siva. It is a brick-built Siva temple situated upon a hillock. This temple was rebuilt upon the pabhaga of an early medieval stone temple during the reign of Swargadeo Siva  Singha in 1722 CE. The temple is situated on a hillock surrounded by a dead river in three directions and by the River Brahmaputra on the south. Archaeological evidence of a stone temple of early medieval period datable to c.1100 CE exists here. Stone sculptures and temple relics of this period  are reused as decoration for the outer  face of the walls of the  temple.  With the displaced stone temple relics of the early medieval period, a stone stairway leading to the temple has been built in the southern direction by the Ahom king. It seems that the temple originally was pancayatana in plan with a Siva linga in the centre. Of the other images, figures of Durga,  Visnu and Surya have been  found on the  walls  of  the  temple. The temple has a brick torana and is surrounded in all directions by old brick-built walls.

(30) Madan Kamdev Archaeological Site, Baihata Chariali, Kamrup District :           

The Madan Kamdev Archaeological Site has several stone temples spread over an area upon a hillock known locally as Madan Kamdeva hill. The presiding deity of the temple site is Uma-Maheswara enshrined in alingana posture in the garbhagriha of the principal shrine. The principal shrine is pancaratha in ground plan. It has a rectangular mandapa. The temple is in ruins and exists upto the plinth level. The temple architecture is rich in ornamentation and a panel of amorous sculptures, sculptural forms of both human and animal life followed at bottom by a panel of Kirttimukha adorns the outer surface of the garbhagriha.

(31) Karbi Memorial, Dakhinbam, Sonapur, Kamrup (M) District:

The Karbi Memorials Site contains a good number of monoliths in a single seat. These have been erected in memory of the dead as per the Karbi tradition of worshipping the souls of the dead for earning  piety and  prosperity  in  life.

 

 

 

 

(32)Vasistha Temple, Guwahati, Kamrup (M) District:           

This is  a  brick temple built  during  the  reign  of the Ahom King Rajeswar Singha (1751 - 1769 CE) in c. CE 1764. The site has evidence of a stone temple. A brick temple has been built upon the remains of the stone temple of an earlier period. It is an octagonal temple with a polygonal sikhara over  it. The temple has a sunken garbhagriha which is believed to have the foot impression of the sage Vasistha, who is believed to have had his asrama in this area in the remote past. The temple stands on the confluence of three hilly streams called Sandhya, Lalita and Kanta. As such, the site has unique natural beauty.

(33) Bhairabeswari Temple, Rangia, Kamrup District:           

Remains of a stone temple datable to c. 1100 CE lie here on the bank of Harhariya Jan, which flows by the spot where it once stood.  Temple relics including sculptures of the period are found on the site. The site also has a large tank which is a dwelling place for seasonal migratory birds. Thus, Bhairabeswari temple is a site known for both cultural and natural glory.

    

(34) Nazirakhat Archaeological Site, Sonapur, Kamrup (M) District:           

The Nazirakhat Archaeological Site is known historically as Ganesh mandir, as this site possibly had a stone temple dedicated to Lord Ganesa. This site has ruins of a stone temple belonging to the late medieval period. The temple was erected on the bank of the Karchiya river and numerous stone fragments and temple components are to be found on this site, including two rock cut sculptures of Ganesa. The geographical location of the Nazirakhat Archaeological Site is one diversified by hills and plains and altogether generates an environment of natural charm enriched with cultural heritage.

(35) Bagheswari Peeth, Mirza, Kamrup District:           

Here exists a rock-cut Ganesha belonging to the medieval period, along with architectural components of a stone temple datable to 10^th -11^th CE.

(36) Kajalichaki Archaeological Site, Chandrapur, Kamrup (M) District:           

Kajalichowki is a historical site that yields evidence of the fortification of dykes, ramparts, ditches and a mound located at close proximity to the confluence of Kolong and Brahmaputra, datable to the medieval period.

(37) Baman Archaeological Site, Darrang District :           

The Baman Archaeological  Site  is  located  on  a  small hillock  facing a dead water stream on Baman pathar. The site has ruins of a stone temple-saptaratha in ground plan. The garbhagriha of the stone temple is lotus-featured, complete with a stone pranala. The plinth is 5.71 m in all directions. The ground plan of the garbhargriha is squarish and its cruciform pattern is stylistically obvious. The temple pranala of the garbhagriha with its groove is set in the temple plinth. The squarish garbhagriha is fashioned like a bloomed lotus. The lotus-featured garbhagriha may indicate that  the temple was dedicated to Goddess Devi.

                                                

(38) Narikoli Ruins, Khandajan, Darrang District:           

These ruins include remains of a stone temple on the site.

(39) Rudreswar Devalaya, Maharipara, Darrang District: 

A Temple enshrining a Siva linga exists here, stylistically datable to 10^th – 11^th century CE.

                                      

(40) Jaljali Archaeological Site, Jaljali, Darrang District: 

Remains of a stone temple datable to 10^th-11^th century CE is to be found here.

                                              

(41) Jorpukhuri Ruins, Hatigarh, Udalguri District:           

Ruins of a stone temple lies here. Most of the stone blocks are carved with geometric and floral designs, as are sculptures of human and animal forms. A pair of large tanks exists at this site from which the name Jorpukhuri in Assamese is derived. The site covers an area of 100 x 140m and remains of a stone temple datable to c.1100-1200 CE are found on the site. The remains are mostly fragments of  the stone temple. A carved panel depicting human figure, carvings of   angasikhara ,broken pillar capital, doorsil, among others are  also to be seen here. 

(42) Tamreswar Archaeological Site, Khairabari, Udalguri District:           

Tamreswar Archaeological Site associated with a historical tank contains stone temple  relics of  one or more Siva  temples, which is surrounded by a brick reinforced wall. Some of the stone relics are exquisitely carved. A garbhagriha with a Siva linga exists at the site.  The site seems to have had a brick-built mandapa with a floor of stone.  Stone temple  remains,  scroll  pattern  of  floral  designs,  parts  of  door  frame,  amalaka, carved horizontal lotus, stone foundation of the garbhagraha and numerous other stone temple relics exist here. 

                                  

(43) Biswanath Temple, Biswanath District:

A brick-built temple belonging to the medieval period exists here. This is a temple structure located in devottar land with a squared cruciform ground plan and elevation up to its sikhara. The temple is enriched with terracotta carvings. This temple was erected by the Ahom king Gadadhar Singha (1680-1696 CE) and belongs to the early phase of the development  of   Ahom temple architecture in Assam.  Three lines of decorative terracotta plaques adorn the outer walls of the temple. The facade of the temple is built of stone and a stone door frame bearing floral carvings adorns its trance. The entry of lord Biswanath to the garbhagriha of the temple is resisted by the supporters of the Devi group.

(44) Christian Cemetery, Kalabari, Sonitpur District:           

The Christian Cemetery of Tezpur was earlier known as the European and Indian cemetery. In the year 1974, this cemetery came to be known as the Christian Cemetery after the death of the last European Missionary, Rev. Father Wyld. The total number of European graves recorded here are 75. Of these, only 37 exist today. There are Indian graves also. There also exists a war memorial column dedicated to the memory of the British and Assamese soldiers who laid down their lives in the Anglo-Burmese war of 1826.  From an epitaph with a burial date of the grave of Mary Elizabeth, the cemetery can be dated back to 1827 CE.

(45) Vasudev Doul, Kalabari, Biswanath District:           

Vasudev   Doul  is a brick-built  Visnu temple belonging to the  Ahom period. The temple is 20 m in height. A metallic idol of Vasudeva is worshipped here. It is a pancaratha temple with a kalasa  having five round discs.  A tank  is attached to the temple. The broken mandapa of this temple was renovated in the year 2005. Besides religious ceremonies, every year during Bihu the neo-Vaisnavites assemble in the yard of this temple to celebrate it.

(46) Garhdoul Archaeological Site, Kalugaon, Sonitpur District :           

The remains of a fortified area having brick ruins of temples characterises the Garhdoul Archaeological  site. It has remains of a brick structure in the form of two mounds.  The brick structure was erected upon a brick platform. The site has a brick reinforced fortification-250m in all directions.

(47) Bamgaon Ruins, Biswanath Chariali, Biswanath District:           

This is an archaeological site bearing evidence of brick temple belonging to the early medieval period.  A modern Vaisnava namghar has now been constructed on the site.  The site was excavated in the years 2002-03 and evidence of  temple structure datable to c. 800 - 900 CE was unearthed. Ruins of brick built structures exposed through excavation have been found with sculptures and terracotta objects. The exposed evidence includes brick fragments depicting birds, floral designs, human and animal figures, brick used as corner pieces and other terracotta art objects.

(48) Nandikeswar Devalaya, Jamugurihat, Sonitpur District: 

Nandikeswar Devalaya located on devottar land is a brick temple built by Swargadeo Rudra Singha (AD 1696-1714). The temple was rebuilt in brick upon the stone foundation of the earlier temple.  This is a rekha deul variety of temple with ground plan of the ratha projection. A number of stone temple relics of early medieval period are found lying in the campus of the temple.

(49) Surya Image, Golchepa, Biswanath District: 

The site has a broken chaturbhuja  sculpture of Surya. The sculpture has been preserved in a shed in situ. The sculpture is datable to 1200 CE. 

(50) Rock Inscription, Burha Mayong, Morigaon District: 

This site is located on an ancient course of a river and has a rock-cut inscription engraved on the outcrop of a rock facing Mayong Kolongmukh Road.  This group of inscriptions has six lines on the left, fifteen lines in the middle and five lines on the right, placed horizontally and appears to contain three inscriptions in series. The inscriptions measure 395cms in length and 112cms in breadth. Each of the inscriptions measure 85cm x 47cm, 40cm x 112cm and 270cm x 30cm respectively.  The contents of the inscriptions are yet to be deciphered and are probably datable to the medieval period.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(51) Silchang Archaeological Site, Silchang, Morigaon District:           

Several dolmens exist at the site. These are revered as seats of local Tiwa Chief, Village Headman and other men of status in historical Tiwa society. These serve as evidence of a lingering tradition of monolithic erection among the ethnic community of the Tiwas of Assam.  This site treasures the traditional seats of stone for Dehaja, Senapati, Dekaraja, Bhai   Taumaji, Montradata, Deori, Lakhipuriya, Choudang. At least 12 generations of Khola  Deo Raja  till today are known to have performed royal administration on  social,   political and community life of the Tiwas from this site.

 

(52) Matharbari Archaeological Site, Baropujia, Nagaon District:           

Matharbari   Archaeological Site   has remains of a stone temple. A shrine was erected long ago on this site. The temple relics are datable to c.1000 CE. This site also houses a tank.

(53) Rajbari Group of temples, Rajbari, Nagaon District:           

Rajbari Archaeological Site  is  a  group  of  at  least nine Siva temples enclosed within a massive brick-built boundary wall. Both stone and bricks are found employed as building material in raising the temples. Concentration of these temple structures altogether converted this site into a complex of nine temples. Of these, three temples had been built of bricks using stone for doorframes, pillar bases and columns. The ground plans of three of these brick-built temples have been excavated and conserved from 2003-04 and 2005-06. Upon the garbhagrha of two temples modern structures have been raised enshrining in these a Yonipith and a Uma - Maheswara respectively. The other temple plinth has a garbhagriha raised of stone. The site has numerous stone temple relics stylistically datable to 11th century CE.

(54) Sankhadevi Archaeological Site, Jogijan, Nagaon District:

Sankhyadevi site has a group of temples, located on Jogijan, a small tributary of the Kapili river.  The site has three mounds containing remains of   three stone   temples. The remains include fragments of a massive stone door jamb with carving of a figure of Durga  in the upper central part of the door frame. Doorjambs, carved stone, pranala from garbhagriha, doorsils, lintels, pillars and numerous other carved temple relics are found in this site. Numerous fragments of stone temples are   scattered everywhere. The two other mounds are   undisturbed.

(55) Mahadeosal Archaeological Site, Mahadeosal, Nagaon District:           

Mahadeosal Archaeological Site has structural relics of a stone temple datable to c. 1000 CE. The site overall represents its historic location on river front.  Large tanks, trees and numerous sculptured stone blocks once used as components of the temple are to be found lying on this site. Some temple components like temple door frames are large in size. A stone pillar bearing carvings of dasavatara figures of Visnu are also to be found inside the modern shrine. This indicates the largeness of the temple that once existed on this site.

                                                   

(56) Kawaimari Archaeological Site, Kampur, Nagaon District:           

Remains of stone temple architecture datable to c. 1100 CE exist here. Stone architectural evidence indicates the erstwhile existence of a Siva temple.

 

 

 

(57) Hatimura Temple, Jakhalabandha, Nagaon District:           

The Hatimura Temple is situated on a hillock of massive rock base on the southern bank of the Brahmaputra. The outcrop of rocks at this site is galore. In one of these a rock is carved with a figure of Ganesa. A rock-cut figure of a dasabhuja Durga is to be found on the hilltop along with the Hatimura brick temple constructed during the reign of the Ahom king Swargadeo Pramatta Singha (1744-1751 CE). The site is surrounded by the Brahmaputra in three directions and as such has panoramic natural beauty.

 

 

(58) Na-Nath, Archaeological Site, Kenduguri, Nagaon District:           

This is situated on an old water channel to the west of the Rajbari and Sankhya Devi Archaeological Sites. The site has eight brick temples divided in symmetrical plan facing each other in two lines.  The temple structures have components of stone pillar posts, bases, door jambs, doorsills, Siva linga and Yonipith. This group of brick-built temples are unique in Assam for these structures have been found embellished with terracotta plaques laid horizontally on the outer face of the walls. The variety of representation includes diverse aspects of nature, figures of gods and goddesses, human and animal figures, floral designs, scenes from public life, religious life and other aspects -all carved to decorate the brick temple walls. 

(59) Maudanga Ruins, Maudanga, Nagaon District: 

Ruins of a temple, sculptured stone blocks and icons of divine figures are to be found here.

                                                 

(60) Warigadeng Archaeological Site, Nagaon District: 

Numerous remains of brick architecture exist at the site.

 

(61) Sibpur Ruins, Sibpur, Nagaon District: 

Remains of two stone temples exist in  the form  of mounds.

 (62) Gachtal Archaeological Site, Dabaka, Nagaon District:           

Gachtal   Archaeological Site has two  stone temples dedicated to Siva  There is evidence of a garbhagriha and mandapa  with at least four doorways. The carvings on the door lintels and jambs consists of Ganesa, worshippers, a figure of Siva standing  with a rosary in the right and a trident in the left hand,  water vases  flanked by vyalas, elephants,  flowers,  foliage, animals,  twisted serpents and vases placed on amalaka. Figures of Saivite characters such as doorkeepers holding sula and pasa are notable. The evidence indicates development of stone temples at the site during 10 -11th century CE. A stone inscription datable to c.1200-1300 CE has been recovered from this site.

(63) Mikirati Archaeological Site, Dabaka, Nagaon District:           

Mikirati Archaeological   Site   has   at least ten brick mounds containing evidence of brick temple structures in them. One such brick mound unearthed by the Directorate in the years 2005-06 reveals the brick-built plinth of a temple with a pranala. The evidence is datable to c. 700 – 800 AD.  The other brick mounds remain yet to be explored. The site has evidence of a stone temple.  The stone sculptures and temple relics of Mikirati display a lingering trend of Indian Classical Art. Native cultural belief and practices also manifest in the expression of art. A temple plinth with its mandapa and garbhagrha with a linga and yonipith are found here.  These pieces of evidence point towards the development of a stone temple architecture since 10^th-11^th century CE.

(64) Akashiganga Archaeological Site, Parokhowa, Nagaon District:

Remains of about   three  temple   exist  at  Akashiganga Archaeological Site.  Akashiganga  is a rocky  spot  on a  stream surrounded by forests.  The beauty of  the site is enhanced by  a waterfall locally called Akashiganga and this waterfalls serves as a natural picturesque background for the temple ruins.  A  large  section of  the  stone temple remains have been shifted to an archaeological park and a site gallery has been installed nearby. Besides  numerous  fragments,  carved temple relics, other evidence  of the site include stone pillar capitals, some with carvings, amalakas, door frame, doorsills and jambs, pedestals, horizontal lotus moulded architraves and angasikharas of temples. Figures of Ganas, dancing ganas and  floral designs are also found here. The ruins indicate the existence of a Siva temple in the site. Its unique natural beauty, hilly topography and forest attract people and the site remains a place for recreation over the ages.

(65) Kenduguri Archaeological Site, Kenduguri, Nagaon District:

Remains of   both stone and brick along with  evidence of  brick temples exist in this site in the form of a mound. This is a 8^th -9^th century temple.  

(66) Devasthan Archaeological Site, Devasthan, Nagaon District:           

Devasthan Archaeological Site has at least nine mounds containing brick remains of temples. Stone temple relics exposed in the site include door jambs, lintels, sculptures, Siva linga and Yonipith. Discovery of stone temple relics in the site suggests that both stone and bricks were used in temple construction. One exposed brick mound has been found with a Siva linga and Yonipith and another with a garbhagriha. Some sculptures of Gods and Goddesses and carved relics of a temple are preserved in a gallery erected on the site, which also houses a tank.

(67) Amtala Archaeological Site, Hojai, Nagaon District:

Here exist ruins of a stone temple stylistically datable to c. 9th - 10th century CE.  The site has a pair of historical tanks in the eastern and western directions respectively. During the years 2012-13, the Directorate of Archaeology, Assam, has carried out archaeological excavations in the site and exposed a brick built temple plinth measuring 10 x 13 m to the north-east of the modern Siva Temple. Further, excavation carried out in western tank has revealed stone stairways  and a brick embankment along with a floor.

(68) Goshaijuri Archaeological Site, Dabaka, Nagaon District:

This site has brick and stone temple ruins and also an image of Vishnu.

(69) Bundura Archaeological Site, Kampur, Nagaon District:

Ruins of a stone temple datable to c. 10^th -11^th CE are found at the site.

                                 

(70) Basundhari Archaeological Site, Basundhari, Nagaon District:

The site has an image of a rock-cut Ganesa.

                                 

(71) Maghnowa Temple, Narayanpur, North Lakhimpur District:           

The Maghnowa Temple is situated on the bank of the river  Pichala. Constructed during the reign of Swargadeo Pratap Singha (c 1603-1641 CE) it exhibits graceful balance between structural design and decorative treatment. This temple is octagonal in plan and has a rectangular mandapa. The outer wall at the veranda level has a horizontal line of full-bloomed four-petal lotus and a panel of devokosthas inset with terracotta  and  stone sculptures  of gods and goddesses. These indicate a developed stage of art and architecture under the Ahoms in Assam. The temple has a gateway at the entrance and is surrounded by a brick wall. 

(72) Baghar Chukar Doul, Dhakuakhana, North Lakhimpur District: 

Baghar Chukar Doul is a miniature brick temple with an octagonal ground plan erected by the Chutiyas. In elevation, the eight vertical walls end in a plain veranda and thereafter each wall tapers into triangular form terminating in a common pinnacle. Near to the temple there exists a starred brick altar meant for religious rituals. These structures were constructed by the Chutiyas during the late medieval period. 

(73) Goshaipukhuri Ruins, Laluk, North Lakhimpur District:           

Remains of a stone temple with carved images and relics are found here. Some relics of this temple have been shifted to the Laluk Higher Secondary school and to the PWD rest house at Laluk. The site has a tank and some temple relics have been preserved in the Nabanagar Club in the locality. 

(74) Ghuguha Doul, Dhemaji, Dhemaji District:           

Ghuguha Doul  is a  brick built   temple belonging  to  the  Ahom age. It was erected by  the  Ahom king  Siva  Singha  ( 1714 - 44 CE)  in the name of   Ambika  Devi  during the first  part  of  the 18th century CE. The temple is surrounded by a brick wall and two ramparts. A number of tanks  excavated and attached to  the  temple  exist here.  This is a small temple with a garbhagriha and a mandapa.

(75)  Deoparvat Archaeological Site, Numaligarh, Golaghat District: 

This site contains ruins of a stone temple erected upon a monolithic floor. The temple has a ceiling slab engraved with a large lotus bearing a relief of Vidyadhara holding a scarf and a necklace by both hands.   A vast range of elegantly sculptured blocks of pre-Cambrian rocks recalling the later Gupta era are to be found here. The massive  door  jambs  with  foliage of  drooping  petals,  encircling creepers with  animal  and sculptural representation of  female door keepers with coronets and huge perforated patrakundalas are other noteworthy finds. These  apart,  sculptural  representation  of  kirttimukhas, kala -makaras,  panels  with carvings of  figures depicting episodes from the Ramayana, the Mahabharata, Bhagawata  purana are indicative of the growth of a native art and architectural style at Deoparat during 1100-1200 CE.

(76) No. 1 Dubarani Archaeological Site, Borpathar, Golaghat District: 

Ruins of brick-built temples exposed through excavation are preserved here. The site contains mounds of brick temple remains. Of these, three mounds have been exposed. The ground plan of a floor of some structure, a ground plan of a square temple measuring 10 metres in all directions with an outer wall an inner wall and a centrally laid square garbhagriha have been unearthed. The other mound has revealed the ground plan of a brick temple with a garbhagriha with a Siva linga, a hemispherical object on stone and a dhawaja stambha in it. Layout of an ardhamandapa and a torana or entrance gateway with an outer wall of a temple has also been discovered. The remains of a brick temple at No.1 Dubarani Archaeological Site indicate the development of a regional architectural pattern of brick-temple architecture modelled along the lines of Gupta temple architecture. The plain and straight walls of the temple are not accompanied by a sikhara but has a flat roof (thatched in this case)- a feature characteristic in the early phase of Gupta architecture.

(77) Alichiga Tengani Archaeological Site, Barpathar, Golaghat District: 

Alichiga Tengani Archaeological Site is a fortified settlement. The site is square in its ground plan. This site was developed as a setubandha as per the principle of the ancient Indian silpasastras. It has an embankment in the centre found with evidence of bricks which is fortified by a water ditch in four directions except for its two entrances laid in west and east. This site also has a small embankment situated close by. The site was developed as a port or as a harbour duly connected to the river Dhansiri by a system of canals. This indicates the existence of a trade centre under royal administration at this site. An inscribed clay sealing of  Sri  Vasundhara varmana  and a  stone  slab  inscription  with the impression of a  pair of human foot  prints  and name of  Sri  Ratnavarmana have been recovered from here.  Both the records have been engraved in brahmi character datable to c.400-500 ACE.

                                     

 

(78) Grave of Bahadur Gaon Burha, Jorhat Town, Jorhat District:           

Bahadur Gaon Burha actively  participated  in the  Indian  Sepoy Mutiny of 1857. The grave of this patriot of the First War of Indian Independence is located on the road to Jorhat town.

 

 

(79) Na-Pukhuri Siva Temple, Rudreswar, Sivasagar District:           

The Na-pukhuri Tank lies near the Na-pukhuri Siva Temple which was constructed during the reign of Swargadeo Lakshmi Singha (1769-1780) and consecrated during the reign of Gourinath Singha (1780-1794).

(80) Visnu Doul, Namti, Sivasagar District:

A brick-built temple constructed by Namatial Bhagati  Barbarua in the year 1775 CE during the reign of Swargadeo Gourinath Singha   (1780 -1794)  exists here. The sikhara of the temple is decorated with vertical and horizontal lines. These lines intersect at angles to provide ornamental arrangements.  The walls of the temple represent wooden panels of native Assamese architectural designs. The temple is surrounded by a brick-built enclosure wall.

(81) Devi Doul, Namti, Sivasagar District:           

A brick-built temple constructed by  Namtial  Bhagati  Borbarua in the year 1775 during the reign of Swargadeo Gourinath Singha (1780-1794)  exists  here. The sikhara of this temple is adorned with vertical lines and the walls of the temple are modelled on the wooden panels of a Assamese house. The wall of the temple is adorned with terracotta mouldings of lotus.

(82) Sa-Dhuwa Pukhuri, Sukafa Nagar, Sivasagar District:           

The Sa-dhuwa tank is associated with the Maidam located at Charaideo. Literally, Sa-dhuwa means religious washing of the corpse before cremation into the Maidams. This is the only tank bearing the evidence of this practice in Assam and hence, it is historically very significant. 

(83) Fakuwa Doul, Joysagar, Sivasagar District:           

A brick-built temple constructed during the reign of Swargadeo Rudra Singha (1696-1714 CE) exists here.  This is a structure octagonal in plan laid with a series of stairs to its central height and provided with eight angasikharas at plinth level at each eight corners of the structure. The series of stairs of the structure is tapered upward and has a flat platform at the top. Four principal stairs of the structure have been laid in four directions from bottom to the  top of  this structure where a temple was erected. It is a pyramidal architecture bearing the characteristic style of the stepped architecture Chichen Itza of the Mayan Civilization datable to 600 CE located in the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico. Stylistic features of this structure resemble certain South-east Asian monuments such as Borobudur of east Java.

(84) Hara Gauri Temple, Joysagar, Sivasagar District:           

This is a brick-built temple constructed during the reign of the Ahom king Swargadeo Rajeswar Singha (1751 – 1769 AD).  It is a small do-chala structure. The temple is profusely ornamented, with the upper part of the outer wall containing floral designs. The walls are designed like the panels of wooden Assamese houses. Posts of the architecture project outside in the shapes of wooden posts of Assamese houses. It may be that this temple was earlier erected with wood and bamboo and was later redone with bricks.

(85) Gorokhiya Doul, Nazira, Sivasagar District:           

Gorokhiya Doul is a  brick-built temple constructed during the reign of the Ahom king Swargadeo Pratap Singha (1603-1648 CE). It is one of the early temples constructed by the Ahoms. The temple is small and octagonal in plan and has a stunted sikhara.  Also known as Mai Doul or Maheswara  Ghar or Puja  Sil,  the  Garakhiya  Dol represents the earlier  phase of development  of temple architecture of the Ahoms. The outer walls of this structure bear two horizontal rows of devakosthas. This temple is a simple structure.

(86) Barpatra Gohain Dol Pukhuri Archaeological Site, Bethbari, Sivasagar District: 

During the reign of the Ahom King  Rudra Singha, (c.1696-1714 A.D.) Chengkong Borpatra Gohain- a descendant of the royal minister of Kenduguria Borpatra Gohain family-had excavated the tank at Kenduguri. He went on further to construct the Siva Doul, Vishnu Doul and Devi Doul at the northern bank of the tank which are known as  the historic Borpatra Gohain Doul.

(87) Piyali Phukanar Doul, Geleki, Sivasagar District:           

Two  brick-built temples  dedicated  to  Siva  and  Vishnu existed  at  the  site believed  to  be  constructed  by   the historical Rangachila  Duarah family of this locality, to which  martyr Piyali  Phukan  belonged to.  This temple was surrounded by a brick-built wall and possibly had a torana.  At present however only one temple is in existence.  The temple has a number of stone sculptures of the early period.

(88) Thowra Doul, Rajmai, Sivasagar District:           

This temple with brick decorative tiles was constructed by Alan Burha-Dihingia Barbarua in 1683-85 CE during the reign of Ahom king Gadadhar Singha (1681-1696 CE). A tank attached to the Thowra temple, believed to be one of the earliest tanks excavated during Ahom rule, is to be found here.

(89) Visnu Doul, Kalugaon, Sivasagar District:           

A brick-built temple constructed by Harinath Barpatra, a brother of Queen Phuleswari during the reign of Siva Singha (1714 -1744 CE) exists here. Stone sculptures depicting the dasavatara incarnations of Visnu are fixed in the devakosthas (niches) of this temple. 

(90) Jagaddhatri Doul, Kalugaon, Sivasagar District:           

The Jagadhatri  Doul  is  a  brick-built temple constructed by  Harinath  Bar Patra,  a brother of  Queen  Phuleswari during the  reign of  Siva  Singha   ( 1714 -1744 CE).  This  is a sakta  temple  of  the  Ahom  age and  a number of  sculptures are  found  laid  in  the devakosthas of  this temple.

(91) Borpatra Tank/Lakhi Sagar Tank, Kalugaon, Sivasagar District:           

This  is  a  large  royal  tank  excavated  by the Ahom Queen  Ambika Devi  during  the Ahom period. It is attached to the Jagaddhatri temple. 

(92) Gallows Site of Piyali Phukan, Sivasagar, Sivasagar District:           

Piyali Phukan, the son of Badan Barphukan was publicly hanged in this spot at the north-eastern corner of the historical Sivasagar tank in 1830 CE by the British rulers. A memorial park with a memorial column commemorating the name of this patriot stands here.  He was the first martyr of Assam during British rule. 

                                              

(93) Charaideo Maidam Archaeological Site, Sukafa Nagar

Charaideo- a sacred place of the Morans and Barahis- bears the memory of the Ahom kings. It was here that Sukafa, the first Ahom monarch set up his permanent capital in 1253 CE, which continued to remain, as such till the region of King Tyao Khamti (1380-1389 ACE). Charaideo can be divided into three principal areas: the capital area, the cemetery area and the sacred area. Through no structural evidence remains of the capital area at present, the remains in the cemetery and religious areas are still to be seen. It was here that members of the royal Ahom families as well as the high-ranking officers were buried according to Ahom customs and rituals. Through it is not possible now to identity as to which burial maidam belonged to whom in view of the absence of materials as well as documentary evidence, tradition assigns some of the maidams to particular ruling Ahom monarchs and their consorts. 

(94) Bogi Doul, Meteka, Sivasagar District:           

This  site  has  a  foundation of  a broken brick  temple  constructed during the reign of  Swargadeo Lakshmi  Singha  (c.1744-51 CE). The temple was a brick Siva temple. The temple collapsed during the earthquake of 1897 and the foundation and parts of sikhara of the brick temple lie here on the bank of a tank historically attached to this site. 

(95) Golaghar, Garhgaon, Sivasagar District:           

This is a magazine house of the Ahom age. Garhgaon was once the capital of the Ahom     kingdom and the Ahom rulers used this monument as a Magazine house to store arms and ammunitions.

 

(96) Lankuri Doul, Doulbagan, Sivasagar District: 

Relics of an old brick built Siva temple of Gadadhar Singha's time exist here. The Barbarua was an officer in the medieval period who was the Ahom governor of Eastern Assam, i.e. of the territories east of Kaliabor. Lankhuri Doul, a top the second high hillock, is already a state protected site. It also preserves remains of a burnt brick structure, somewhat cylindrical in shape, which is believed to represent another important Ahom religious site.

(97) Darika Silsako, Simaluguri, Sivasagar District:           

The Darika Silsako is built over the Darika River. The bridge stands on four pillars. The foundations of the pillars are made of dressed stone blocks. The upper surface of the bridge is slightly carved and there are five arches made up of thin lakori bricks with lime surkhi mortar in the lower part of the bridge adjacent to the pillars.  The breadth of the bridge is 12 feet 13 inches, the length 109 feet 2 inches and the height 18 feet 5 inches.  The bridge was constructed during the reign of Swargadeo Pratap Singha (c.1603-41 CE).

(98) Kenduguri Silsako, Kenduguri, Sivasagar District:           

The Kenduguri Silsako is built over the Dijoikona River at Kenduguri. The bridge stands on two pillars. The foundations of the pillars are made of dressed stone blocks.  The upper surface of the bridge is slightly carved and there are three arches made up of thin lakori bricks with lime surkhi mortar adjacent to the pillars. The breadth of the bridge is 13 feet 5 inches, the length 78 feet 5 inches and the height 15 feet 5 inches.

(99) Bhojo Warfare Site, Sonari, Sivasagar District:           

This site was used as a training centre for Guerilla warfare tactics by the Ahoms in the medieval period. The area covers about 129 bighas of land. The site comprises of numerous man-made earthen mounds which lie 90-100 cms apart from one another. The height of the mounds varies from 1.10 metres to 1.20 metres. Evidences of some trench-like cavity are also to be seen on the site.

(100) Gargaon Rampart, Nazira, Sivasagar District: 

The Ahom king Siuklen-mong (c.1539-1551 CE) or Garhgonya Raja built the capital city of Ahom at Gargaon in c.1540 CE. He fortified the city in all directions by erecting earthen ramparts and dug up moats as a deterrent to foreign invasion. There are four gates to enter the Gargaon city. The shape of the city is apparently rectangular.

 

(101) Raidongia Doul, Kalakhowa, Dibrugarh District:           

Raidongia doul is a brick-built Devi temple constructed during the reign of the Ahom king Swargadeo Pramatta Singha (1744-1751 CE).

(102) Moiramora Doul, Khamtighat, Dibrugarh District:           

Moiramara Ruins is situated on the bank of the Dihing at Khamtighat. The site has stone sculptures of different postures and attitudes datable to the early and late mediaeval period. The sculptures bear native ethnic texture.

(103) Bezor Doul, Dimou, Dibrugarh District:           

Here exists a brick-built temple having an octagonal garbhagriha with a narrow antarala attached to it, datable to the late mediaeval period of Ahom reign. A traditional medicine practitioner of Ahom kingdom (Bez), who belonged to the 'Chung khel', got promoted from Bez to Bezbaruah for his excellent medical treatment to the Royal family. He received a large area of land from the Ahom king at the present day Bezor Pathar area, where he went on to construct the Bezor Doul.

 

 

 

 

(104) Borganga Rock Inscription, Dokmoka, Karbi Anglong District:

The Barganga Archaeological Site is situated in Barganga village at a distance of about 3 kms to the south of Dokmoka in Karbi Anglong district. The evidence of a temple of large dimensions with three structural components – the garbhagriha, ardha mandapa and a mandapa-exists here. The garbhagriha of the temple is built of stone while the mukhamandapa and mandapa are made of bricks. One of the rocks of the site is engraved with an inscription in four lines. The epigraph records the establishment of an asrama or a hermitage during the reign of Bhutiavarmana who ruled in c.600 CE. These are stylistically datable to c.1100 CE. 

(105) Ruins at Sarthe Rangphir Gaon, Phuloni, Karbi Anglong District: 

Sarthe Rangpha Gaon has evidence of the layout of a fortified settlement with tanks, ramparts and ditches. The site also has evidence of a stone temple of large proportions as seen in carved stone fragments bearing carvings of lotus, besides the layout of a plinth of a stone temple. Natural lay of the area reflects that this was a site of early settlement.

(106) Burhagosain Than, Dokmoka, Karbi Anglong District: 

Burhagosain Than has stone temple relics stylistically datable to c.1100 CE. These include a  number of chiselled  and carved stone  components,  fragments of old bricks and a river ghat surrounded by a brick boundary wall. The site has brick  structural evidence at the river ghat which suggests that a  river wharf  flourished at this site.

(107) Rock-cut Durga, Tilapara, Langhin, Karbi Anglong District: 

This rock-cut Durga at Tilapara is located on the Diphu-Dimapur Road at a distance of  20 kms from Langhin in Karbi Anglong. The name Tilapara means a mound on which the rock-cut figure of a Durga exists surrounded by a village settlement. One of the rocks of this hillock contains a rock-cut figure of dasabhuja Durga provided with a rounded niche of 10 cm depth. The relief is provided with a squarish face with a flat type headgear with three equidistant projections. It wears puspakundala and akanthahara. To the left is a motif of a lion, the celestial vahana. Her right arms hold a khadga and a trisula with its tip piercing the Asura. Her left arms hold a pasa and an indistinct object. The deity is carved in the posture of killing Mahisasura with her trisula. This  rock-cut figure is stylistically datable to c.1000 AD. 

(108) Rock-cut Ganesa, Boga Doul, Langhin, Karbi Anglong District: 

Bogadoul Archaeological Site has a rock-cut chaturbhuja figure of Ganesa seated on an asana.  The figure holds a  japamala, an ankusha, a trisula, and a  fruit.  The  head of the Ganesa is decorated with a jatamukuta. Remains of old bricks are seen at the site, which indicate the possibility of the existence of a brick structure. 

(109) Metha-long-e, Donkamokam, Karbi Anglong District: 

The site has a group of monoliths known locally as Metha-long-e. The group has atleast 25 monoliths. The height of the taller monoliths ranges from 3.50m to 5.10m. The monolithic columns indicate the lingering megalithic tradition of worship of the souls of the dead for prosperity among the native community.

                                                           

(110) Ruins at Chikari Rongpi Gaon, Langlokso, Karbi Anglong District: 

The remains at Chikari Rongpi Gaon indicate the existence of a small stone temple of exquisite beauty. It is a 10^th – 11^th Century CE temple. Few relics from the site have been preserved in a modern temple shed at Dentaghat.                                                                      

                                                    

(111) Tanks and Rampart, Maibong, Dima Hasao District:           

The site has a brick rampart of 1 km length extending upto river Mahur in west and hill range    in east. Maibong was the capital of the Kacharis who had erected this rampart for the fortification of their settlement area. The site has two royal ponds with brick embankments known as Raja pukhuri and Rani Pukhuri. Of these, one tank is 14 m in width and the four banks have masonry flights of steps made of bricks from its bank to the bottom of the tank. The other brick tank Raja Pukhuri is rectangular in plan. 

(112) Shiva temple, Shivtila, Cachar District:           

Two brick temples with  inscriptions built during the time of the Dimasa king Krishnachandra    exist here. The temples are squarish in ground plan and elevation and raised on brick  platforms. It is a ancient Hindu Architecture and most revered sites in Assam. It is also known as Bhuvan Temple and about 50 km away from Silchar town. This temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva. The temple is also believed to be the site of a legendary battle between the gods and the demons, in which Lord Shiva emerged victorious. Every year, during the Shiva Chaturdarshi many devotees assemble in the temple and offers ‘jalabhishek’(water) to the deity.

        

 

 

 

 

(113) Old Brick Building, Moina, Karimganj District:

This is a  brick  built  building  of  late mediaeval  period. The building is rectangular in plan and elevation and has a number of false windows fashioned as a means for decoration of the structure. The walls also have floral designs employed to decorate the building.

                                                       

(114) Gaurivallabh Devalaya, Sivasagar District:

The Gaurivallabh Devalaya was constructed in c.1774 CE during the reign of the Ahom King Lakshmi Singha. The elder son of Ramananda Arachrya constructed the brick-built temple in memory of his father. Ramananda Acharya was known as Na-Gosain, so, Gauriballav Devalaya is also known as Na-Gosair Doul.

The temple consists of two segments viz, garbhagriha and antarala. The garbhagriha is surmounted by a chow-chala type of sikhara, with four angasikharas while the antarala has a  do-chala type of roof.

(115) Laithepena Maidams, Sivasagar District:

It is a burial mound of Ahom Kings, Queens and Nobbles.

(116)Baduli Pukhuri, Majgaon, Jorhat District:

The Baduli Phukuri is a 18^th Century tank and was excavated in memory of Baduli Barphukan who was the brother of Lachit Barphukan. The tank is located near the National Highway 37.

(117) Bauli Maidam, Nazira, Sivasagar District :

It is a Maidam (Burial Mound) of late mediaeval period.

 

 

 

 

 

 

(118) Buddhist Temple, Pather Syam Gaon, Jorhat District :

It is a 19^th Century C.E. Pagoda style stupa.

(119) Bura Buri Than, Sadiya, Tinsukia District :

A modern temple constructed over the ruins of an ancient Nagara-style temple, preserving old stone sculptures.

(120) Missa Fort, Missa, Nagaon District:

It is a Garrison of Circa 17^th century. It bears historical glory in reciting the history of the region. It was constructed by Ahom king Swargadeo Pratap Singha.

(121) Samdhara Garh, Samuguri, Kaliabar, Nagaon District :

It is an Ahom period mud rampart with circular bastions at regular intervals.

(122) Numuligarh Rampart, Numuligarh, Golaghat District:

Numuligarh Rampart was established during the Ahom rule. It is a brick-built zig-zag rampart raised as a part of fortification stretching from foot hills of Karbi-Anglong to the Dhansiri river.

                                            

(123) Maidam of Captain Gohain and His Wife, Majgaon, Jorhat:

The maidam of Captain Gohain/Jong Bahadur and his wife is located at Pirakota Gohain village in Teok, Jorhat district of Assam. The maidam is protected by a concrete boundary wall. Near the maidam another small earthen mound which could be identified as maidam of wife of Captain Gohain.

(124) Lachit Barphukanar Maidam, Narahiloidari Gaon, Jorhat:

It is a 17^th Century Maidam. It is an earthen maidam of the ablest General of the Assamese Royal Army Lachit Barphukan' during the reign of Swargadeo Chakradhawaj Singha (1663-1670). During the reign of Udayaditya Singha the next Ahom ruler Lachit came to the rescue of his motherland in the historical battle of Saraighat in 1671.

(125) Group of Maidams, Kenduguri, Betbari, Sivasagar District:

It is a burial mound belonging to the Ahom period.

                                                

(126) Charaguwa Maidam, Dimow, Sivasagar District:

It is a burial mound of Ahom Dynasty.

(127) Molaigaon Maidams, Molaigaon, Sivasagar District:

It is a burial mound of late medieval period.

(128) Maidams and Tanks, Bamoon Pukhuri T.E, Nazira, Sivasagar District:

Around 10 various sizes of Maidams (Burial Mound) and two tanks were found in the adjoining area.

                                               

(129) Kolimon Borgohain Maidam, Mornoikinar Darbar Gaon, Sivasagar District:

It is a burial mound of late medieval period.

(130) Deo Raja Maidam, Mora Bazar, Sivasagar District:

It is a burial mound of Ahom period.

(131) Lora Raja Maidam, Dupdor, Sivasagar District:

It is a burial mound of Medieval period.

(132) Dijoikhona Silsakoo, Garmur, Charaideo District:

It is an Ahom period bridge made of stone and brick.

(133) Bali Maidam 1, Bakupukhuri Habi Gaon, Charaideo District:

About 1 km east of the Charaideo Archaeological Site is located a group of some large Maidams made of possibly double vaulted chambers, covered with earth and finally covered with the burnt brickwork. These Maidam stand vandalized at the hands of both man and nature.

(134) Bali Maidam 2, Bakupukhuri Habi Gaon, Charaideo District:

About 1 km east of the Charaideo Archaeological Site is located a group of some large Maidams made of possibly double vaulted chambers, covered with earth and finally covered with the burnt brickwork. These Maidam stand vandalized at the hands of both man and nature.

(135) Bali Maidam 3, Bakupukhuri Habi Gaon, Charaideo District:

About 1 km east of the Charaideo Archaeological Site is located a group of some large Maidams made of possibly double vaulted chambers, covered with earth and finally covered with the burnt brickwork. These Maidam stand vandalized at the hands of both man and nature.

(136) Bali Maidam 4, Bakupukhuri Habi Gaon, Charaideo District:

About 1 km east of the Charaideo Archaeological Site is located a group of some large Maidams made of possibly double vaulted chambers, covered with earth and finally covered with the burnt brickwork. These Maidam stand vandalized at the hands of both man and nature.

(137) Bali Maidam 5, Bakupukhuri Habi Gaon, Charaideo District:

About 1 km east of the Charaideo Archaeological Site is located a group of some large Maidams made of possibly double vaulted chambers, covered with earth and finally covered with the burnt brickwork. These Maidam stand vandalized at the hands of both man and nature.

(138) Bali Maidam 6, Bakupukhuri Habi Gaon, Charaideo District:

About 1 km east of the Charaideo Archaeological Site is located a group of some large Maidams made of possibly double vaulted chambers, covered with earth and finally covered with the burnt brickwork. These Maidam stand vandalized at the hands of both man and nature.

(139) Bali Maidam 7, Bakupukhuri Habi Gaon, Charaideo District:

About 1 km east of the Charaideo Archaeological Site is located a group of some large Maidams made of possibly double vaulted chambers, covered with earth and finally covered with the burnt brickwork. These Maidam stand vandalized at the hands of both man and nature.

(140) Sa Nia Ali, Bakupukhuri Habi Gaon, Charaideo District:

Sa Nia Ali is the funerary pathways of Ahom royals. The road plays a very important part in the Ahom history as this road connects the Dhodar Ali to the Maidams. According to literature and legends this road i.e. ali in assamese was used for carrying the dead to the Charaideo Mound site for their final rites.

(141) Petu Dhuwa Pukhuri, Bakupukhuri Habi Gaon, Charaideo District:

The tank belongs to the Ahom period. According to legends this tank was used to wash intestines i.e. petu in assamese language before burying the dead.

 

                                               

(142) Groups of Maidams at Bakupukhuri Habi Gaon, Charaideo District:

According to legends the Moidam belongs to Sukafa the first king of the Ahom Dynasty who has established Charaideo as the first capital of the Ahoms.

 

(143) Deohal, Bakupukhuri Habi Gaon, Charaideo District:

Deohal, together with the Lankuri Doul to its immediate west, are two most sacred sites of the Ahom royality. Located atop two different hillocks, Deohal is more ancient and at a higher location. It is the first temple site to have been founded by the Ahom rulers. At present, Deohal has preserved remains of Ahom temple which are represented through a raised rectangular platform. At the edge of this platform can be seen remnants of fluted stone pillars, three on the north-eastern, and four on the north-western side. The base of these pillars is placed inside a circular stone receptacle which, if not properly secured somehow, would become unstable. It is quite likely that the pillars at their top were tied to a unifying unit which would hold every standing pillar in place. On the south-eastern end of the platform are noticeable remains of two additional stone pillar with smaller diameter and closer to each other almost in the centre but outside the alignment of the larger stone pillars. This might either represent entrance to the temple, or a suitable position to form a sanctum. Both on the east and west of Deohal are sited a series of many Maidams, now mostly covered with wild vegetation. According to one scholar, Maidams of kings were built on the east and those of their queens, on the west of Deohal.

(144) Changmai Hal, Bakupukhuri Habi Gaon, Charaideo District:

The Changmai Hal is a medieval tank of the Ahom period. According to legends, this tank belongs to the royal cooks of the Ahoms. Recent excavation in the nearby area has revealed evidence of a settlement area.

(145) Mitha Pukhuri, Bakupukhuri Habi Gaon, Charaideo District:

The tank belongs to the medieval period.

(146) Toroni Pukhuri, Bakupukhuri Habi Gaon, Charaideo District:

The tank belongs to the Ahom period bearing historical importance.

                                              

 

(147) Kuwori Maidam, Bakupukhuri Habi Gaon, Charaideo District:

The maidam belongs to one of the queen of the Ahom dynasty not much is known about the maidam.

                                                        

(148) Phuleswari Kuwari Maidam, Bakupukhuri Habi Gaon, Charaideo District:

The maidam belongs to the Ahom queen Phuleswari Kuwori.

(149) Barbaruah Maidams, Sessa, Dibrugarh District:

The Barbarua Maidams are scattered all over the area belonging to the Ahom Minister Barbaruah. The group of maidams are of historical importance belonging to the medieval period.

(150) Meslow Maidam, Lengeri, Bamunbari, Dibrugarh District:

It is a maidam (Burial Mound) of late medieval period. Here exists three number of maidams named Barmeshlow, Harumeshlow and Tamkli maidam and a moat in the east side of the maidams.

(151) Jaipur Borpukhuri Archaeological Site, Jaipur, Dibrugarh District:

It is a medieval tank.

(152) Podum Pukhuri, Sadiya, Tinsukia District:

It is a tank with brick embankment. From the centre of the tank, a stone pillar, nagmani, was discovered. The length of the tank is 150 meters and width is 145 meters.

(153) Pratima Garh, Sadiya, Tinsukia District:

A large fortified area having several ancient mounds. In the middle of the fort earthen mound is located which is nearly 20feet high and spread over 2.5 Bighas of land. The circumference of the mound is 280 meters approximately. Another low height located at a distance of 30 meters east from the main mound. The inner most rampart of the fort is 242 meters length in east-west direction 189 meters in north-south direction. The distance between the first and the second earthen rampart is 115 meters and the distance from the middle rampart to outer rampart is nearly 197 meters.

(154) Badarpur Fort, Karimganj District:

It is a late medieval period fort. The fort is located on the left bank of the Barak river. According to local sources and some written records the fort was constructed during the rule of the Kachari king Govinda Chandra. The fort has two entrances - one in front and one in the back side with four bastions on four corners. The height of the bastions is 3.77m. The bastions has 10 loopholes used for firing with small arms and is also used to observe the enemies. The height of the entire structure is 3.58m. The fort was used for defence purpose and to keep an eye to the movement of the enemy. The structure in length measures 18.60m in the front and back. The breadth measures 19.25m in both the sides.

 

 

 

 

 

 

(155) Gupteswar Devalaya Archaeological Site, Singri, Sonitpur, District:

The Gupteswar Devalaya located at Singri under the Dhekiajuli revenue Circle, Sontipur Assam. It is a pancharatha temple during the reign of Salasthambha where both bricks & stones were used. It is purely a nagara style temple. The lime surkhi morter was commonly used as bonding material for the brick masonry work. The sikhara of the Gupteswar Devalaya is about 11.58 metres in height from the ground level. It is a pancaratha temple, built in stone and brick. The door jamb of the main sanctrum features rows of parallel bands depicting floral and geometric motif. Both Pre Ahom & Ahom bricks, pottery, potsherds, modern coins, antiquities, stone, brick rampart, stone floor recovered from the site.

(156) Viswakarma Temple Ruins, Singri, Sonitpur District:

The Viswakarma Temple Site is located near the premises of Singri Archaeological Site in the Sonitpur district of Assam. The artistic style of the sculpture reflected to be from circa. 7th to 10th cent. C.E. Several scattered relics can be seen at the temple site which includes door jambs having carvings of palas and various geometric and floral motifs, several door lintels can be seen which depicts mostly the figure of Chaturbhuja Ganesha, miniature shikhara, kalasha, floral patterns and temple relics. Embellishing architectural members with creepers, floral and geometrical designs were seen placed under the shade. Besides, an enormous pranala is also placed in the temple site.

 

                                                   

 

(157) Barbaruah Moidam, Lakua, Charaideo District

This site includes an unfinished moidam of the Ahom period and provides us an understanding of how the brick vault was built before the earthen mound.